Download Powerpoint - Lewiston Independent School District #1

Rome Before Caesar
I.
Relationship of Greece to Rome
A. No divide between Greece and Rome
1. political systems: Democracy (different
form)
•
Direct Democracy-Greece
•
Republic-Rome
2. social organization similar
3. Art, architecture, and culture
B.
Differences between Greece, Rome
1. Geography
a. Greece mountainous, Rome flat (effect
politics)
b. Greece little farming, Rome
agriculturally-based
2.
Political differences
a. Fewer city-states Italy (geography)
b. Took over where Greeks had left off
c. Spread its empire not from need of
land, but for security of its borders
II.
Romulus to Roman Republic
A. Rome starts as a village on Tiber river 700s BC
1. Romulus 753 BC, founded Rome (linked to a
Trojan warrior)
2. Simple and insignificant
B.
Early Influences
1. Greeks southern peninsula
2. Etruscans in north: warlike culture
3. Rome became city-state under Etruscan
king 650 BC
4. Romans overthrow Etruscuns 509BC
5. Time for a change: created Republic of
Rome
6. Started grand adventure of living the
Greek lifestyle
C.
Republic Social Organization
1. Two elected consuls, one year terms
2. Senate
3. Patricians
4. Tribunes
5. Plebeians (plebes)
6. Non citizens
III. Early Imperial expansion
A. Driven by need for security
B. Celts wipe out Roman army and almost
destroy city by fire (390 BC). Rebuilt: 800
years before conquered again
C. conquest of peninsula - 264 BC
D. Defeat Macedonians and Phillip in 197BC
G.
Punic Wars (264-146BC) Rome vs. Carthage
1. Rome and Carthage two dynamic powers
in Mediterranean 264BC
2. Carthage - near modern day Tunis,
founded by Phoenicians, rich traders
3. Fight for control of Mediterranean
H.
Second Punic War: (247-183BC)
1. Hannibal great Carthaginian leader
2. 40,000 men, 9000 cavalry, elephants.
3. Take battle to Rome three wins in three
years.
4. Ends in siege of city and stand down.
I.
Third Punic War: 146BC
1. Rome defeats Carthage
2. Salt the city
3. No serious rivals for Rome in
Mediterranean
Rome: From Republic to
Empire
The extent of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire;
██ 133 BC
██ 44 BC (late Republic, after conquests by republican generals)
██ AD 14 (death of Augustus)
██ 117 (maximum extension)
I.
Problems of the Republic
A. Expansion
1. harder to administer from the capital
(large)
2. Communication problems
3. leaders were off in the field-no decisions
4. rebellion inside and out
B.
Political Loyalty
1. Military leadership
a.
Leaders in the field
b. Under Marius (military leader) nonlandholders were recruited
•
loyalty to the general, not the Republic
•
receive land taken from someone else
c.
rivals (using the army on each other)
2. Ineffective Senate
a.
Calls for reform unanswered
b. starts to lose control
c.
"dictators"—given temporary power to reform
3.
Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
a.
Started as triumvirate (ruled by three) with
Crassus and Pompey - The First Triumvirate
b. Dictator in 47 BC
•
Expanded Roman citizenship
•
Sent poor to colonies
c.
Murdered at the Senate - Brutus and group of
Ex-Pomeians
4.
The Second Triumvirate
1. Octavian (nephew of Caesar) forms alliance with
Marc Antony (Caesar's general) and Lepidus
2. Defeat Brutus and conspirators
3. Octavian (west) and Antony (east) go to war
4. Antony, love affair with the queen of Egypt,
Cleopatra
5. 31BC, Octavian won
6. Named imperator (supreme military commander)
a)
b)
Began the period of the Roman Empire
Became known also as "Caesar Augustus," (sole
victorious, imperial majesty : Semi-Divine)
II. Early Empire – Forces Stability
A. Augustan Age (31BC-14AD) -100 million
people
1. Not a true republic - a military dictatorship
2. Strong control over the empire--governors
of provinces directly loyal to Emperor
4.
Deceiving the masses
a. Recreated traditional classes:
senatorial, patrician, and plebian
(nothing is wrong)
b. Senate: all laws were passed to them
by the emperor - rubber stamp
c. Continued expansion (something to
think about and be entertained by –
ESCAPE from reality)
d. Cult of Roma - worship of Roman
power
e. Stabilize Roman society
B.
Pax Romana: “The Peace of Rome”
1. End of expansion
2. The five "good" emperors (96-180 AD)
3. Rebellions in the provinces
4. Empire begins to shrink.
5.
The home front: Bread and Circuses
a. Economic prosperity (free bread)
b. Social ignorance of the situation
(entertainment driven)
c. Disillusioned: “Eat drink and be merry”
THREE IDEALS OF EARLY
ROME
INDIVIDUALISM
DEMOCRACY
INTELLECT (NOT EMOTION)
LARGELY ALL GONE BY NOW.