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The Roman Empire Ch. 15 You are a Roman Senator, can you save the Republic? Ruler Julius Caesar has just recently been assassinated by certain members of the Roman Senate. What should be done? Who should be the new dictator? Should there be a new one? I. Rule of Augustus First Emperor of Rome Caesar assassinated Octavian, Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus rule Civil War between Octavian and Antony Octavian wins Senate makes Octavian emperor. Republic no more Kept the senate and assembly. Why? Reforms Soldiers swear allegiance to him Government jobs of talent Census taken Police force Library Expanded citizenship Military reforms Number of legions reduced from 60 to 28 Sent legions to far parts of the empire. Why? Romes Natural Boundaries Sahara in the south Atlantic to the west Rhine and Danube to the east We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. II. Pax Romana 27BC-----------------------180AD Trade flourished Law was standardized and everyone equal Borders expanded and secured Roads were built Christianity begins Greek slaves brought to Rome Order and good government Government: Law: Engineering: 1.Rome became an empire ruled by an emperor. 2.Full-time workers were hired to carry out the emperor's polices. 3.Government in the provinces improved. 1.One set of laws governed the empire 2.The system of laws included all branches of public/private law that exist today 3. Lawyers interpreted the laws. 1. The system of roads greatly improved. 2.Aqueducts brought water from the mountains to Roman cities. Language: Literature: Religion: 1. The Roman alphabet became the basis for the western world alphabet. 2. Latin, the Roman language, became the basis for French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanians. 1. Virgil, Rome's greatest poet, wrote the Aeneid, a fictional account of the founding of Rome 3.Tactitus and Livy wrote historical accounts of Rome. 1. Followers of a Jewish holy man named Jesus founded a new religion called Christianity. 2.Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire Making of Roman Roads Roman Aqueduct Amphitheater Herculaneum Herculaneum Roman Arena Roman street Roman Colloseum Arena Pantheon Roman Bathhouse III. Daily Life in the Empire Leisure Circus- Chariot Racing Theater- Gladiatorial fights Theater- Plays Bath houses Homes Domus-Town home owned by rich. Centered around atrium Insulae- Apartments with business’ at bottom Villas- country estates Society Male dominated society Women had few rights Children 7-11 primary school 12-15 secondary school 15-18 school of rhetoric Food Plebians- bread, cheese, perhaps meat, wine Patricians- all kinds of exotic foods 80’s Fashion Men Tunics and Togas Women Tunics covered by a stola Dyed their hair red and black and wore make up IV. Fall of the Empire Political reasons? Story of Nero No fixed successor to the throne 100 years, 37 different emperors Empire split in two Social reasons? Decline in morals and values Public health problems/Plagues Gladiatorial competitions Lead pipes Urban decay High crime and many homeless Economic Unemployment/slavery Military spending Inflation Money spent on the poor Christianity? Barbarian Invasions? Does this sound similar to problems in America today? Explain Barbarian Invaders