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From Republic to Empire
History Alive
Chapter 34
Introduction
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How Rome grows
from a republic to
a mighty empire.
The expansion took
place over 500
years.
509 B.C.E. to 14
C.E.
From Republic to Empire:
First Period of Expansion
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First period of
Expansion
happened in 509
B.C.E.
Romans kicked the
Etruscans out!
From Republic to Empire:
Second Period of Expansion
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Rome fought the
city of Carthage in
North Africa.
The second period
of expansion was
from 264 to 146
B.C.E.
Rome gained
control of N. Africa,
Spain, and Sicily.
From Republic to Empire:
Third Period of Expansion
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From 145 to 44
B.C.E.
Rome came to rule
the entire
Mediterranean
world.
Took control over
Asia Minor, Syria,
Egypt.
Also Gaul (France).
From Republic to Empire:
Fourth Period of Expansion
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Rome was an
empire.
Augustus added
new territory.
At his height, the
Roman Empire
stretched from
Britain to the Black
Sea.
Rome’s Conquest of the Italian
Peninsula, 509 to 264 B.C.E.
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Rome gradually
took over the
Italian Peninsula in
200 years of
fighting.
Rome continued to
fight for new
territory and to
protect the
territory they
captured.
As Rome’s Territory Grew
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Each city had to keep
a large permanent
army.
More Romans were
forced to serve in the
army.
Plebeians served in
the army.
Conquered people had
limited privileges.
Roman allies had to
pay Roman taxes.
Overseas Expansion During the
Punic Wars, 264 to 146 B.C.E.
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Rome’s wars with
Carthage are called
the Punic Wars.
The First Punic War
fought at sea.
Rome took over
the Island of Sicily.
The Second Punic War
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It started 23 years
later.
Carthaginians decided
to attack Italy.
Hannibal a brilliant
Carthaginian general
marched across the
Alps . His troops rode
elephants.
He fought the Romans
for 15 years.
Hannibal
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In 202 B.C.E.
Hannibal returned
home to defend
Carthage against a
Roman army.
He was defeated in
battle.
Carthage had to
give up Spain
along with huge
sums of money.
What happens Next?
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For 50 years there is
peace.
Then Cato, a Roman
Senator, demanded
the destruction of
Carthage.
Third Punic war lasted
three years and
Carthage was burned
to the ground.
After Carthage
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Riches and slaves
flowed into Rome
along with new
customs.
Many new ideas
came from Greece.
Greek homes and
Greek temples.
Expansion During the Final Years
of the Republic, 145 to 44 B.C.E.
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Roman conquests had
brought great wealth.
More wars that cost
money.
The Romans resented
paying money.
Had to put down slave
revolts.
Rome was crowded.
Farmers and laborers
did not have jobs.
The Republic
collapsed.
Civil War
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Between two
generals Pompey
and Julius Caesar.
Both men wanted
to control Rome.
Pompey had the
support of the
Roman Senate.
Julius Caesar
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Was told not to enter
Italy with his army.
He disobeyed.
On January 11,
49B.C.E. he entered
the city.
After three years of
fighting he defeated
Pompey.
Caesar was named
dictator for life.
Julius Caesar
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Had a vision of
Rome.
He started colonies
and granted
citizenship.
On March 15, 44
B.C.E. a group of
enemies stabbed
Caesar to death.
Rome Becomes and Empire,
44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.
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Caesar’s murder
began a civil war in
Rome.
Octavian became
the absolute ruler
of Rome.
The Senate gave
him the name of
Augustus meaning
honored.
Augustus
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Augustus
encouraged
education, art, and
literature.
He repaired more
than 80 ruined
temples.
Rome had a police
force, fire fighters,
and library.
The Vast Empire Needed
a Strong Economy
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The Romans
improved trade
routes by building
harbors, canals,
and roads.
Roman coins made
trade easier.
Pax Romana
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Under Roman rule
there was mostly
peace for 200
years.
The End