Download Wednesday December 14, 2011

Suppose the your family were much larger
– perhaps two or three times larger than it
is now.
What would be some of the benefits of
living in a larger family?
What might be some of the drawbacks, or
costs?
Octavian
became Caesar Augustus
Julius Caesar’s
grandnephew,
Octavian, became
Caesar Augustus,
the supreme ruler
of the Roman
Empire
Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus
One of the heroes of the Roman
republic was Lucius Quintius
Cincinnatus.
In 458 B.C.E., the Roman Senate made
Cincinnatus dictator, or supreme ruler,
so that he could rescue the city from
an attack by a neighboring tribe.
After defeating the enemy,
Cincinnatus willingly gave up his
power and returned to his farm.
Read Section 34.3 Rome’s
Conquest of the Italian
Peninsula, 509 to 264 B.C.E.
Answer the two questions
1. How were the Romans able to take
control of the Italian peninsula?
1. The Romans defeated the Etruscans,
Samnities, and Greek city-states to take
control of the Italian peninsula. The also
formed alliances with neighbors.
2. Who might have had a negative view of Roman
expansion during this period, and why?
2. Plebeians would have objected to this expansion
because they had to serve in the army. Defeated
people would have objected because they had to
serve in the army, pay Roman taxes, and couldn’t
always become Roman citizens.
Read 34.4 Overseas Expansion
During the Punic Wars, 264
B.C.E. to 146 B.C.E.
Answer the reading notes
questions
1. Why did Romans fight the Punic Wars? What
did they gain?
1. Rome fought with Carthage for control of
the Mediterranean region. Rome gained
control of North Africa, Spain, Macedonia, and
Greece, Riches, slaves, and new ideas came
form the conquered lands.
2. Who might have had a negative view of
Roman expansion during this period, and why?
2. Carthaginians would have objected because
the Romans sold them into slavery and burned
Carthage, Roman farmers would have
objected because Hannibal destroyed many
farms.
Read 34.5 Expansion During the Final
Years of the Republic, 145 B.C.E. to 44
B.C.E
Answer the reading notes questions
1. When Julius Caesar became dictator of
Rome, what reforms did he make?
1. Julius Caesar began construction projects to
provide work. He adopted a new calendar. He
provided public entertainment for the poor.
He also started new colonies and granted
citizenship to people in Gaul and Spain.
2. Who might have had a negative view of
Roman expansion during this period, and why?
2. People from conquered lands would
objected to being enslaved. Farmers and
laborers did not like losing their jobs to slaves.
The Senate might have objected to expansion
during tis period because military leaders were
a threat to the Senators’ power.
Read 34.6 Rome Becomes and
Empire, 44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.
Answer the reading notes quesitons
1. Describe the Pax Romana and other positive
aspects of Augustus’s reign.
1. The Pax Romana was a peaceful period of Roman
rule in the Mediterranean that lasted 200 years.
Caesar Augustus encouraged education, art, and
literature, started new construction projects and
public services; increased the size of the empire,
and improved trade.
2. Who might have had a negative view of
Roman expansion during this period, and
why?
2. Romans might have objected to the harsh
punishments Augustus established for people
who did not follow moral standards. They
might also have objected to the Praetorian
Guard and the need for huge army to control
such a large amount of territory.