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Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
Roman Legion
• Divided into
infantry and
cavalry
• 5,000 Soldiers
• Every citizen
had to serve
for 10 years
Roman Legion
• Divided into smaller groups
of 80 men called a century
Roman Power Grows
• Roman power
grew slowly
and steadily
• Eventually
conquered all
of Italy
The Defeated People
The New Roman People
• Rome was lenient to the
people they conquered
– They were allowed to be
full citizens if they lived
on the Tiber
– Those who lived further
away had citizenship but
could not vote.
The Punic Wars
• Eventually Rome
and Carthage
began to fight
over trade in the
Mediterranean
Sea
• They fought 3
battles
Result was the
three Punic Wars
264-146 BC
Carthage
Carthage
had been
founded as
Phoenician
colony 500
years earlier
Dispute over control
of Sicily and trade
routes in the western
Mediterranean
brought Rome into
conflict with the
powerful North
African city-state of
Carthage
Why did the Wars happen?
• Both Rome and Carthage had central
locations in the Mediterranean Basin.
– They were competing over control of trade
routes in and around the sea.
The
ST
1
Punic War
• Dates: 265 – 241 BCE
• Fought over control of 3 Islands that lie in
between Africa and the Italian Peninsula
of Europe
– Sicily
– Corsica
– Sardinia
The
ST
1
Carthage
• Strong/large
Military
• Strong experienced
navy
• Large warship
– Quinquereme
• Mainly sea battles
Punic War
Rome
• Best military
soldiers at the time
• Small,
inexperienced navy
Turning Point
• Roman Inventions
 Corvus: Long ladder with a hook on it
◦ Roman ships sailed close to Carthaginian ships
and hooked the two ships together
◦ Effect: turned Naval battles into mini-land
battles… which the Romans were very good at.
Results:
st
The 1 Punic War
• The Roman advancements enabled them to
defeat the Carthaginians.
»Rome wins the 1st Punic
War!
– Carthage has to give up Sicily and pay Rome a
huge indemnity (fees for damages).
The Second Punic War
• Carthage was led by HANNIBAL a
Military Genius.
• He used 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry
and 38 elephants.
• Hannibal’s Surprise
– The Carthaginian army marched
through Spain and turned south
through the Alps to Rome.
• He picked up mercenaries (private
paid soldiers) in both areas along
the way.
– No one had attacked the
city of Rome before
Crossing the rivers in Spain
Traveled across the Alps
Hannibal lost half his men and 37 elephants
The Second Punic War
• For 10 years
Hannibal pillaged
northern Italy
• Finally a Roman
general name
SCIPIO defeated
Hannibal.
•
Coming of the
THIRD
PUNIC
WAR
Carthage was finished after
Second Punic War
• Effects of the 2nd Punic War
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hannibal committed suicide
Economy shattered
Lost all territory to Rome
Feared Carthage’s Revenge.
They would rise again to attack
Rome for a 3rd time
• Notably Cato the Elder, Roman
Senator
– Pushed for another war that
would wipe Carthage off the
face of the map
Cato the Elder
The Third Punic War
• By this time, Carthage
was no longer a threat.
• Cato a influential
senator reminded them
of the terror Hannibal
laid on Italy.
• Romans destroy
Carthage and sold all
of Carthaginians into
slavery!
ROME WINS A THIRD TIME
• Effect of the 3rd Punic War
– Easy Victory
– Entire population of city
sold into slavery
– Took all their valuable to
Rome
– Everything else burned
and dumped into the sea
– Site sown with salt so that
nothing would ever grow
there again
– Carthage completely
disappeared
Rome In Control
• Victory in the Punic Wars
gave Rome control of the
Mediterranean Basin
Took over Greece, Macedonia,
some of Asia Minor, Syria, Aegean
and eastern Mediterranean islands
by 133 BC
Rome eventually
became weary of
playing this endless
refereeing role and
realized that the
continued
independence of the
successor kingdoms
threaten Roman
interests
Rome always responded
in the belief that
achieving a balance of
power in the east was
better than having one
successor kingdom
become too powerful and
challenge Rome
Rome drawn into the
affairs of the successor
kingdoms
Successor kingdom
increasingly called
on Roman aid in
their incessant
wars against each
other
Effect on the Roman World
Pictures Cited
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Slide 1 – http://www.crystalinks.com/punicwars.jpg
Slide 2 – http://i.imdb.com/Photos/Ss/0172495/2, http://italophiles.com/images/wbreem8.jpg
Slide 3 – http://www.krescendo.com/gladiatorlatin/script/english/gladiator_files/image001.jpg,
http://www.terragalleria.com/images/italy/ital7334.jpeg, http://www.englishheritage.org.uk/upload/img/04663_-_roman_helmet.jpg
Slide 4 – http://home.hetnet.nl/~sebas-vero/Trapani-Italy%20map.jpg
Slide 5 – http://i.imdb.com/Photos/Ss/0172495/1
Slide 6 – http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/519M406S5DL._AA280_.jpg
Slide 7 – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Carthage-1958PortsPuniques.jpg/800px-Carthage-1958-PortsPuniques.jpg
Slide 8 – http://www.bible-history.com/rome/map_punic_wars.gif
Slide 9 – http://www.valleygames.ca/images/HannibalBoxFinal.jpg
Slide 10 – http://www.ibabuzz.com/hayword/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/hannibal.jpg
Slide 11 – http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/hannibal3.jpg
Slide 12 – http://www.copia-diarte.com/kunst/anonymous/bust_roman_general_publius_co_hi.jpg
Slide 13 –
http://www.romanempire.net/romepage/images/ArtGallery/RomeandRomans1/Carthage.JPG
Slide 14 – http://members.tripod.com/kevinashbrook/venice.jpg