Download “[Humans] make their own history, but they do not make it just as

February
nd
2
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Sign in and Participation cards
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Quick Writing
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Review Covenant
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Lecture One – Sociological Perspective and
Analysis
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Homework:
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Read: Chapter 2 of Introductions
Quick Writing
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Take 5 minutes and explain the following
quote:
“[Humans] make their own history, but they
do not make it just as they please; they do
not make it under circumstances chosen by
themselves, but under circumstances directly
encountered, given and transmitted from the
past.” - Karl Marx
The Sociological
Perspective
Lecture One
What is Sociology?
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Study of Society…what does that mean?
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It examines the ways in which the forms of social
structure & social categories & various social
institutions affect human attitudes, actions, and
opportunities.
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Sociology enables us to understand the structure and
dynamics of society, and their intricate connections to
patterns of human behavior and individual life
changes.
Why Care About Understanding Society?
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We are products of society and society is a product
of us
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Understand why and how we came to be like we are
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Our position within the social structure (society)
determines how we will act, think, and what
resources we have
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Our place in society is the intersection of many
social relationships
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Gender, race, class, age, geography, sexuality
Born the Opposite Sex?
Gender as a social position – a place in
society
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Constrains what we think our choices are and how
others think about who we are and how we should act
Social positions come with an inherent set of
advantages and disadvantages
By looking at gender we can see:
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How the Individual and Society are linked
Gender, like other social constructions, is both a myth
and reality
What do sociologists study?
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Sociologists explore how both individuals and collectivities
construct, maintain, and alter social organization in various
ways
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Sociology asks about the sources and consequences of
change in social arrangements and institutions, and about the
satisfactions and difficulties of planning, accomplishing, and
adapting to such change
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Areas studied in examining social dynamics include: culture,
socialization, cooperation, conflict, power, exchange,
inequality, deviance, social control, violence, order and social
change
Examining the present with the past
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“[Humans] make their own history, but they
do not make it just as they please; they do
not make it under circumstances chosen by
themselves, but under circumstances directly
encountered, given and transmitted from the
past.” - Karl Marx
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To understand the present social
arrangement in society, sociologists must
also look into the past
How sociologists study society
Sociologists look to
explain how and why
things happen. In
every question a
sociologist asks and
every answer they
give you will find an
explanation of the
how and why
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Keep this in mind over
the semester!
Critical Thinking is Required
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Sociology is a critical
and analytical
discipline and
sociological thinking is
a process of actively
and skillfully
conceptualizing,
applying, analyzing,
synthesizing, and
evaluating
Beliefs vs. Sociological Analysis
As social beings, we see the social world through
our own lens of experience and belief system and
often make judgments based on our personal
beliefs
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To remain objective, sociology helps us see how that
lens was formed and be honest about our assumptions
What we see with sociological analyses often
challenges many of our thoughts and beliefs
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Come to class prepared to be exposed to alternate
explanations of the world and to try and understand
them
The Sociological Perspective
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Sociology seeks to understand the
relationship between the individual and
society with:
C Wright Mills: Sociological Imagination
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A quality of mind that allows us to connect:
“Personal troubles of the milieu”
with
“Public issues of social structure”
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Examining these relationships gives us the
knowledge to understand society, our place in it, and
the ability to make changes
HIV/AIDS Globally
Understanding and Explaining HIV/AIDS
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Cultural Explanations
 Virility is strongly linked to masculinity in many cultures affected
by HIV/AIDS
 Low status of women
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Social Structure Explanations
 Global poverty and inequality create low immune systems
 Underdevelopment limits economic opportunities
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Political Explanations
 Lack of adequate health care and access to treatment
 Political policies that do not address the issue
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Individual Explanations
 Lack of education and poor choices
Social Consciousness
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Another sociologist, Peter Berger, believes
that we need a social consciousness or “A
form of consciousness that enables us to see
the "reality" behind the "facades."
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He asks us to critically examine the things
that are familiar to us as unfamiliar
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“It can be said that the first wisdom of sociology is
this – things are not what they seem.”
Practicing Social Consciousness
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Have you ever asked yourself: Why do
women shave their legs?
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Why is it normal in our
culture for women to
shave their legs and
not men?
Asking How & Why (and when) with
Social Consciousness
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When did this ideal emerge?
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How did this ideal emerge?
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In the 20th Century when women’s legs became more
visible due to shorter skirts and changing fashion
Needed to have the right technology to make shaving easy
and safe. The safety razor emerged on the market in early
20th Century.
Why did this ideal emerge?
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Anglo-American cultural standard: leg hair is unfeminine
Cultural mechanism to increase sexual dimorphism
(difference between sexes in the same species)
In Conclusion…
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A sociological perspective requires us to think
critically and analytically about the social world
around us, our place in it, our relationships to
others, and our own personal beliefs and values
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While sociologists study many aspects of society
and social issues, the core concepts of the discipline
are power, inequality, social justice, and social
change