Download History and Government

Ch. 28-History and
Government of East Asia
Some of the world’s longest
continuous civilizations can be
found in East Asia. Their
history is filled with the rise and
fall of powerful ruling familiesdynasties
River Valley Civilizations
The culture of East
Asia began about
2,000 BC along the
Wei River, a major
tributary to the Yellow
River (Huang He).
Wei River Valley
River Valley Civilizations
Recorded history begins with
the Shang Dynasty about 1,700
BC.
As with all dynasties in China,
the Shang dynasty eventually
fell. The people of China would
explain the end of a dynasty as a
revocation of the Mandate of
Heaven– the gods removed the
kings when they were
displeased.
Imperial China
During the Imperial period in China, China
was built into an organized series of citystates (kingdoms).
The Zhou Dynasty conquered the Shang in
about 1,100 B.C.
The Zhou created a huge trading empire
during which time Chinese culture was
spread throughout the region, trade
increased and China is brought into the iron
age.
Confucius and Dao
Two well-known Chinese
philosophers emerge at
this time. They had an
immeasurable impact on
Chinese society.
Confucianism became the
basis for Chinese law and
administration
The Qin Dynasty
By 221 B.C., the Qin Dynasty had built a Chinese
Empire. During this time the Great Wall of
China was built. The wall was built to keep out
the nomadic Mongol invaders
Great Wall of Qin Dynasty
Xian
Tang Dynasty
The rulers of the Tang
Dynasty continued to
make the empire larger.
By 620 A.D. merchants,
travelers, and silk traders
were taking Chinese
culture all over East Asia
Mongols Rule China
From the mid 1200’s A.D
to the late 1300s, China
was ruled by people from
the North. The Great
Wall was built to keep
these invaders from
Mongolia out however,
the Mongols were smart
and found other ways to
enter into China.
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan led his brutal
armies into China and crushed
the royal forces of the
emperor.
Kublai Khan (Genghis Khan’s
grandson) built the present
day capital of Beijing, from
where he united China into
one large empire.
Korea and Japan
The early people in Japan
lived in small tribal
communities called clans.
The Yamato people ruled
Japan by 400 A.D.
The Japanese leaders sent
their children to China to
learn technology,
government and the arts.
Feudal Japan
By 1,100 A.D., nobles
began to fight each
other for control of the
Islands.
The countries first
military ruler, or
shogun, took power in
1,192.
Samurai
He built a private army of
soldiers that were very
loyal to the Shogun. They
were known as the
Samurai.
Military dictators ruled
Japan until the late 1,800s.
Korea
The kingdom of Silla ruled a
unified Korean peninsula
until it was overthrown by
the Koryu Dynasty in the late
1,100s.
The Mongols then
conquered the Koryus and
took control of the
peninsula
Korea
In recent history, Japan
gained control of the
peninsula in 1905. As a
result of WWII, the peninsula
was taken from Japan and
split between the United
States and Russia who
promised to reunify the
Koreans and promote Korean
rule of the peninsula. This
did not happen. Korea is still
split.
Contacts With the West
By the 1,600s, leaders in
China, Japan and Korea
wanted to remain isolated
from the Western nations.
China tried to maintain its
isolation by limiting trade
with all foreigners to a
single port city of
Guangzhou.
Contacts With the West
Eventually Great
Britain, Germany,
Russia, France and
the United States
forced trade treaties
on China- under the
threat of guns and
warships.
Japan Resists Western Influence
In 1853, the United States sent
warships into Tokyo Bay to force
access to Japanese markets.
Rather than fight, the Japanese
signed a trade agreement.
Japan rapidly began to modernize
and began to seek to build an
empire of its own.
War and Revolution
Japan aided the Allies in
WWI and gained Germany’s
former possessions in China
and the Pacific. They were
well on their way to building
an empire.
During WWII, in a quest for
more influence in the Pacific,
Japan took over more parts
of China and began to take
over other colonial holdings
in Southeast Asia.
Japan is Defeated
At the end of
WWII, Japan had
been defeated by the
United States. All of
Japan’s colonial
holdings were taken
away and divided
among the
victorious allies.
The 38th Parallel
Korea was split between
Russia and the United
States. In the 1950’s the
communists and
democratic halves of Korea
fought for control of the
entire peninsula. The
South was supported by the
United States while the
North was supported by
China and Russia.
Korean War
The war in Korea was the first in
a series of “Cold War” conflicts
between the communists in the
East and capitalists in the West.
The outcome of the Korean war
was a stalemate. The division
between the two regions
remains the same today as the
day it was divided after WWII.
Revolutions in China
In 1911, the Chinese
Empire came to an end
when a nationalist Sun
Yat-sen, overthrew the
Manchu Dynasty.
China’s Nationalist Government
In 1927, Chaing Kaishek set up a
nationalist
government.
China’s Communist Government
After WWII, Mao
Zedong’s communist
party gained control of
China through a
democratic election.
China remains one of the
last communist countries
in the world
Japan Rebuilds
After WWII, Japan transformed its self into a
democracy. With in only a few decades, an
economic boom made Japan one of the richest
countries in the world.