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Chapter 9
A New National Identity
Disputes with Great Britain
• Border between Canada
and the United States
– Great Lakes
– Both countries wanted
fishing rights and their
navies
• Compromise:
– Rush-Bagot Agreement
– Convention of 1818: set the
border at 49° N latitude all
the way west to the Rocky
Mts.
Disputes with Spain
• Argued over the border with Spanish
Florida
• Newly elected President, James Monroe:
– Sent his Secretary of State John Quincy
Adams to negotiate with the Spanish
– Sent General Andrew Jackson to secure the
border
First Seminole War
• Seminole Indians raided
American towns
• Assisted runaway slaves
• Jackson invades Spanish
held Florida
– Captures most of the
Spanish forts
– Overthrows the governor of
Florida
– Was never authorized by
President Monroe
Adam-Onis Treaty
• Jackson’s “invasion”
convinced Spain to
negotiate
• The United States
receives Florida in
exchange for giving
up its claims to Texas
Spanish Colonies
• Spanish colonies rebel
• Men like Simon Bolivar “the
Liberator” lead struggles for
independence
• These revolutions were similar
to that of the 13 colonies and
had a lot of public support from
U.S. citizens
• As Mexico (and others)
became independent Monroe
and Adams feared European
interests in Latin America
• During a speech Secretary of
State John Quincy Adams
implies U.S. support of the
newly independent countries
• He does however say that the
United States would not fight
their battles.
• Great Britain was also
concerned about European
interference in Latin America
– Why?
Monroe Doctrine
• Issued by President Monroe on December 2,
1823
• Four Points:
– The United States would not interfere in the affairs of
European Nations
– The United States would recognize, and not interfere
with, European colonies that already existed in North
and South America
– The Western Hemisphere was to be off-limits to future
colonization by any foreign power
– The United States would consider any European
power’s attempt to colonize or interfere with Nations
in the Western Hemisphere to be a Hostile Act
Effects and Consequences
of the Monroe Doctrine
Growing Nationalism
• What is nationalism?
– Feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation
– Strongly supported by men like Henry Clay
• Henry Clay:
– Representative from Kentucky
– Developed the American System
Infrastructure
• Roads:
– Dirt roads
– How does this make travel dificult?
– Government begins to create roads. What gives Congress this
power
– The Cumberland Road will eventually stretch from Cumberland,
Maryland all the way to Illinois
– Nations first “highways”
• Canals:
– Purpose?
– Erie Canal
• from Albany to Buffalo
• Connected the Great Lakes with the east coast (NYC in particular)
Era of Good Feelings
• A time of peace, pride, and progress
• Peace:
– Peace with England  growing friendship based on trade
– Peace with Spain  to busy fighting aginst its rebellious colonies
– Peace with France  devastated by the Napoleonic Wars
• Pride:
– Fought off the British during the War of 1812
– The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the nation
– Acquired Florida from Spain
• Progress:
– Creation of roads and canals
– Economy is booming  trade with Europe has increased due to large
scale devastation as a result of the Napoleonic Wars
• Large immigration from Europe provides the U.S. with a surplus of
labor
Federal Government
• Gains more power as a result of two Supreme
Court Cases
• McCulloch vs. Maryland:
– 1819
– Court determined that Congress did have implied
power. From Where?
– In particular the power to create a national bank
• Gibbons vs. Ogden:
– Court determined that States could not interfere with
the regulation of interstate commerce by Congress?
Growing Sectionalism
• Sectionalism: disagreements between different
regions
– North vs. South
– Free vs. Slave
• Missouri applies to join the Union as a slave
state
– Disrupted the balance between slave and free states
– 11 free states vs. 11 slave states
– Adding Missouri tips the balance in Congress. How?
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise
• Settled the conflict
• Passed in 1820
• Three main conditions:
– Missouri would enter the Union as a slave
state.
– Maine would join the Union as a free states
– Slavery is prohibited in any new territories
north of 36°30’ latitude, this would also be
Missouri’s southern border