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Group 3 Nationalism and Sectionalism Jake Anderson, Abbey Brannen, Lia Mazzadra, and Kevin Block-Group A-Evens- Jake Johnson, Alexandra Brockett, and Franki Russo-Group B-Odds1. What was the American System? A plan proposed by James Madison and Henry Clay in 1815 to make the United States economically self-sufficient by establishing a protective tariff (A tax on imported goods that protects a nation’s businesses from foreign competition) , establishing a national bank (and promoting a single currency), and improving the country’s transportation systems. 2. How was transportation improved? Transportation was improved with steam-powered boats (invented in 1807 by Robert Fulton), man made canals (suggested by John C. Calhoun in1817), and longer roads (suggested by John C. Calhoun in 1817). The invention of the telegraph also helped messages to be transported faster. The Erie Canal which was a man made canal created a water route between New York City and Buffalo, New York. It finished in 1825 it opened up the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes region to settlement and trade. United these two sections of the nation caused more nationalism. 3. Why was Monroe’s administration called the Era of Good Feelings? James Monroe was elected president in 1816, and won the majority of electoral votes. The Federalists party disappeared because of little opposition. Decisions made by the Supreme Court also helped unite the nation. 4. How did Supreme Court decisions promote national unity? The Supreme Court didn’t let Maryland tax the national bank in McCulloch v. Maryland. They didn’t let Maryland do this because then Maryland would have more power than the national government. Another court decision was Gibbons v. Ogden. They were two steamboat owners who were fighting over shipping rights of the Hudson River in New York and New Jersey. They decided that the interstate commerce would only be regulated by the federal government and not the state government. 5. How did the United States settle disputes with Britain and Spain in the early 1800’s? They settled agreements with Britain by passing the Rush-Bagot Agreement and limited naval ships on each side of the Great Lakes. The Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 settled land ownership between Spain and the U.S. The convention of 1818 earned the U.S. a new north border and a new U.S.-Canadian border. Florida (which was gained from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819) was gained as the new Southeast border. Both the U.S. and Britain had land claims on the Oregon Country 6. How did economic changes contribute to growing sectionalism? Economic changes led to growing Sectionalism (pride towards one part of your country). The South was relying on cotton that was being grown by the plantation owners. The Northeast was booming with manufacturing and trade from the Atlantic. The West was growing because settlers wanted cheap land and transportation. Most of these regions were in some kind of conflict of interest. The Missouri Compromise also added to the conflict because southern farmers were afraid that the banning of slavery would result from a uneven number of slave and free seats in Congress. 7. Why did the question of admitting Missouri to the Union divide the nation? Admitting Missouri would upset the balance of 11 slave states and 11 free states. Maine was accepted as a free state to even the balance of slave and free states to counter Missouri. The southern farmers were afraid of an uneven number of slave and free states because they were afraid that the banning of slavery would result from this. 8. How did the Missouri Compromise address the issue of slavery in the U.S. territories and future states? The Missouri Compromise (proposed by Henry Clay) stated slavery was to be banned from the Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36, 30’, Missouri’s southern border. That meant that Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state. It balanced the number of slave seats and free seats in Congress 9. Why did the events in the early 1800’s in Latin America concern the United States? The events in Latin America concerned the U.S. because European monarchies were planning to help Spain and Portugal get back their lost colonies and the U.S. was afraid that if that happened it would put their government in danger. Russian colonies in the Pacific northwest concerned America. They entered Alaska in 1784 and had trading posts as far as San Francisco by 1812. 10. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? The purpose of the Monroe Doctrine was to tell the European countries that if they wanted to invade America would disturb the peace and safety. Another thing it did was that it told Europe that U.S. would stay out of European affairs. The Doctrine demanded that there would be no more European colonies in the Americas. The United States saw itself and wanted to be seen as a powerful country full of leadership.