Download Presentation

National and Regional Growth

Early Industry and
inventions.
Section one discussed
the Industrial
Revolution.














What was the Industrial Revolution?
Why were the New England states a good place to build factories?
Who invented interchangeable parts?
How did interchangeable parts benefit manufacturing?
Who invented the cotton gin?
How did the cotton gin effect population in the Southern states?
What invention increased communication between the states?
What invention made rivers more easily navigated?
What invention increased wheat production in the Midwest?
Who invented the steam boat?
Who invented the reaper?
Who invented the telegraph?
What group of people were employed most by factories such as the
Lowell Mills?
How did the North and the South begin to develop differently?

Section 2 discussed
slavery.


What were some of
the hardships faced
by slaves in the
South?
Did slaves ever rebel?

A Voice From the Past:
Every nation should anxiously endeavor
to establish its absolute independence,
and consequently be able to feed and
clothe and defend itself. If it rely upon a
foreign supply that may be cut off . . . .
It cannot be independent.
Henry
Clay
What does Henry Clay mean in this statement?
Is the United States presently independent?
What foreign product do you think we are most
dependent upon?
Do you see any problems associated with our
dependency on that product?

In 1815, President
Madison presented a
plan to Congress for
making the United
States economically
self – sufficient. In
other words, the
country would
prosper and grow by
itself, without foreign
products or foreign
markets.

The plan – which Henry Clay promoted as the
American System included three main actions:
Establish a protective tariff. This type of tax makes
foreign goods more expensive to buy than American
made goods.
 Establish a national bank. Remember that Thomas
Jefferson had closed the first National Bank.
Madison created the Second National Bank. This
benefited the economy because the bank created a
common currency (money that was the same from
state to state).
 Improve the country’s transportation system.
Improved transportation would make shipping
products around the country easier and less costly.


To improve the nation’s transportation
system, the government funded the
Cumberland or National Road. This
road led from Maryland to Illinois

The government also
improved water
transportation. The period
from 1825 – 1850 is often
called the age of canals. The
massive Erie Canal created a
water route between New
York City and Buffalo, New
York. The Erie Canal
opened the Great Lakes and
Ohio Valley to population.
The Erie Canal was 4 feet
deep,
40 feet wide, and 360
miles long.


In 1816, James Monroe, another Democratic
Republican was elected to office. The
Federalist party fizzled out, leaving only one
political party in existence for a time. This led
to a feeling of unity in our government.
At the same time, improved transportation and
communication among the states led
Americans to begin to consider themselves
United States citizens more than as citizens of a
state or region. This is called nationalism – a
feeling of pride in one’s country.

Gibbons v. Ogden - Two
steamship operators
fought over shipping
rights on the Hudson
River in New York and
New Jersey. The court
ruled that interstate
commerce (trade
between the states)
could only be regulated
by the Federal
Government – not state
governments.

McCulloch v. Maryland – the state of Maryland
wanted to tax its branch of the national bank.
If this tax were allowed, the states could claim
to have power over federal government. The
Court ruled that states could not tax a national
bank.


What did the court cases of McCulloch v.
Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden have in
common?
What institution’s authority grew as a result of
the Court’s rulings in these two cases?


The nationalist spirit also made U.S. leaders
want to define and expand the country’s
borders. To do this, they had to reach
agreements with Spain and Britian.
Two agreements improved relations between
the United States and Britian.

This agreement limited both
the American and British
navy on the Great Lakes. In
other words, it set up a
certain number of naval
ships from each side that
would be allowed on the
Great Lakes.
Why would this be important to
the United States and Great
Britain?

In this convention,
the United States
and England
(Britain) set the 49th
parallel as the
official boundary
between the United
States and Canada.
This stopped all
territorial disputes
along the border.

Relations between the
United States and
Spain were tense. The
Seminole Indians in
Spanish Florida
raided farms in
Georgia and then ran
back to Florida to
hide. Also, pirates
and other outlaws
used Florida as a
refuge from United
States law.

President Monroe ordered Andrew Jackson to
stop the Seminole raids. Jackson chased the
Seminoles into Florida and then claimed
Florida for the United States. Monroe gave
Spain a choice: Either turn Florida over to the
United States or “clean it up” and police the
territory. In the Adams – Onis Treaty, Spain
gave Florida to the United States.


The feeling of national unity – Nationalism –
was threatened by sectionalism. Sectionalism is
a feeling of loyalty to the interests of your own
region or section of the country rather than to
the nation as a whole.
Can you think of a modern day example of
how sectionalism creates tensions and disunity
in our American cities?

Economic
changes had
created some
divisions
within the
United States.
How were
these regions
developing
differently
economically?


The North
The South

At the same time the
North was growing
in industry and the
South becoming
more agricultural,
the West was
growing in
population and
territories were
applying to become
states.

The territory of Missouri
applied for statehood in
1817. Missouri was west
of the Northwest
territories, and therefore
was not bound by the
Northwest Ordinance
which had forbidden
slavery in the Northwest
Territory. The people of
Missouri wanted to make
the new state a slave
state.



At the time that Missouri applied for
statehood, there were 11 free states and 11
slave states in the United States.
There was already tension between the free
and slave states. Many people in the free states
abhorred slavery and wanted it to eventually
be abolished by Congress.
People in the slave states depended on slavery
for their economic system of plantation
agriculture. They feared that if Congress
abolished slavery, their economy would fall
apart.

Why did people in
the free states and
people in the slave
states argue so
adamantly about
Missouri’s addition
as either a free or
slave state?


Debate raged in Congress over
whether to admit Missouri as
free or slave.
Thankfully, Maine (which had
previously been a territory of the
state of Virginia) applied for
statehood. Maine wasn’t
interested in becoming a slave
state.
Why not?

So, the United States settled the issue of
Missouri by allowing Missouri to become a
slave state and Maine a free state. This kept the
balance of free and slave states in Congress. In
addition to adding the two states, The Missouri
Compromise also stated that the territory south
of Missouri would remain free from slavery.


After the Missouri Compromise was reached,
Thomas Jefferson – at that time nearly 80 years
old – said, “In the gloomiest moment of the
Revolutionary War I never had any apprehension
(fear) equal to what I feel from this source.”
What do you think he feared?

The nation was not only
threatened by
sectionalism. In Latin
America, several
countries had fought
and gained
independence from
Spain and Portugal.
European monarchies
planned to help Spain
and Portugal fight to
regain their colonies.

Also, Russia had moved into
the Alaskan territory and
had trading posts all the way
down the West Coast as far
as San Francisco.

President Monroe
was afraid that
European
Monarchies (kings
and queens) would
try and fight to gain
back territory in
North and South
America. This was a
threat to the
independence of the
United States.

In December of 1823, President Monroe issued a
statement that became known as the Monroe
Doctrine.

The Monroe Doctrine
stated that both North and
South America was closed
to colonization by
European powers. He
warned that if Europe
tried to gain a foothold in
the Americas it could lead
to war. Also, the Monroe
Doctrine promised that
the United States would
stay out of European
affairs