Download Nationalism and Sectionalism - Challengers 8th Grade Social Studies

Nationalism and Sectionalism
Part 2
The American System
• After the war of 1812, President Madison
planned to help unify America while
creating a stable economy. His plan
became known as the “American System”
– Develop transportation systems
• Roads, Canals, and eventually railroads to encourage
trade
– Establish protective tariffs
• To help American industry compete against Europe.
Also helped to pay for transportation
– Resurrect the National Bank
• The 2nd Bank of the United States to lend money to
businesses.
Transportation
• States built roads within their own
state. The Federal Government
built roads thru multiple states like
the “National Road.” It connected
the east to the west.
Transportation - Canals
• The Erie Canal was one of many canals built
between 1825-1850. The Erie Canal connected
the Hudson River north of New York City to
Buffalo, NY and the Great Lakes. Flatboats
were pulled by horses or pushed with poles
The Erie Canal
Transportation - Railroads
• The first locomotive,
Tom Thumb, was built
in 1825. By 1850 there
was over 9,000 miles of
Railroad tracks in the
United States.
Election of 1816
• D.R. James Monroe
– 183
• FED Rufus King 34
This is the last election
that the Federalist will
have a candidate. The
last time they won was
1796.
“ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”
• “Era of Good Feelings”
– James Monroe - President
(1817-1825)
– Monroe wanted worked hard
to stop the fighting
between DemocraticRepublicans and Federalist.
The Federalist party was
very weak at this point and
had no choice but to go
along with it. The Federalist
themselves soon were
dissolved as a party.
Monroe
Court Cases Increase
Federal Government Power
McCulloch v. Maryland
-Maryland wanted to tax the
National Bank.
-Supreme Court said “No!”
-States had no control over
Federal Government.
Gibbons v. Ogden
-Argument over shipping rights on
Hudson River between N.J. and
N.Y.
-Supreme Court ruled that only
Federal Government could
regulate interstate commerce.
(Trade)
Settling National Borders
• 1817 Rush-Bagot Treaty, Britain and the U.S.
withdrawn armies and navies from Great Lakes.
• Convention of 1818 set Northern border with
Canada at 49° N. Latitude.
Florida!
• In 1817 Andrew Jackson and his army were
ordered to the Spanish Florida border to stop
Indian raids into Georgia and run-away slaves
from escaping into the Florida swamps.
• Jackson invaded Florida without permission!
The Adams-Onis Treaty
• To avoid war between the U.S. and Spain, the two
countries signed the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819.
Florida became part of the United States.
• It also settled an ongoing argument over the
western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase of
1803. Texas was part of New Spain, not the United
States like many Americans wanted…
In 1810, Americans in “West
Florida” (now parts of Mississippi
and Alabama had seized control of
the territory from the Spanish. In
was soon annexed into the U.S. by
Madison who claimed it was part of
the Louisiana Purchase.
Monroe Doctrine
• In the early 1800s many countries in the
western hemisphere were achieving their
independence from European nations. Mexico for
example won independence in 1821 from Spain.
• President Monroe issued a proclamation that
became known as the Monroe Doctrine
-Europe should stay out of Latin American
and the Caribbean. The Americas were now
closed to colonization. The U.S. would
protect its American interests and stay out
of European affairs.
Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
• Nationalism
-Pride in your
country. Loyalty and
support to the
United States as a
whole.
• Sectionalism
-Loyalty to your
section or part of
the country in
which you live.
Example:
Southerners
support for slavery.
The MISSOURI Compromise
Missouri statehood controversy
- The people of Missouri wanted to become a state and
they also wanted the right to own slaves.
- There were 11 free and 11 slaves states in 1820 so this
would upset a balance that had been created.
- This divided the country into a sectionalized argument
over slavery. North vs. South, Free vs. Slavery.
Compromise: When two
sides come to a solution to
a problem by each giving up
a part of their demands
The Compromise
• Henry Clay of Kentucky offered a compromise
–
–
–
Missouri could enter as a slave state.
Maine (then part of Massachusetts) would enter the
Union as a free state.
The part of the Louisiana Purchase West and North of
Missouri would be free while the Arkansas Territory
would be slave.
The compromise would put
off the slavery fight for a
while, but we all know
where this is headed!
King Cotton
•
•
•
•
Cotton was in great demand and highly labor intensive.
The slave population grew to provide labor
Large plantation owners acquired hundred of slaves
Only 1/3 of southerners owned slaves and only 1/10 of
them owned more than 20.
• Most farmers were poor whites farming a few acres
Nat Turner’s Slave Revolt
• In 1831, Nat Turner led a
slave revolt in Virginia.
Claiming God was on his side
he and his followers
murdered 55 whites before
they were captured by an
armed militia.
• Turner was executed and
some 200 blacks (both slave
and free) were killed in
retaliation.
Aftermath of the Slave Revolt
• Laws were quickly passed
throughout the south that
forbade teaching blacks to
read or write.
• Free Blacks (Non-slaves) lost
almost all of their rights and
most had to move to the
North out of fear they would
be enslaved.
Why was reading a threat
to whites?
Two Founding Fathers die
• John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, two of
the most important men in the early
American history both die in 1826.
JULY 4th!
• ON THE SAME DAY!!!
• The two had been friends during the
Revolution, bitter enemies during the early
republic, and again friends after 1812. They
wrote hundreds of letters to each other
until they died. Adams' last words were
“Thomas Jefferson still survives”