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Download Causes and Effects of the Civil War
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2F=Causes and Effects of the Civil War North/ Union/ Blue South/ Confederacy/ Gray H-SS 11.1.4- Examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the Industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late nineteenth century of the United States as a world power. Manifest Destiny Doctrine which stated that westward expansion of the United States was inevitable and a god-given right • Economic differences divide the agrarian South and industrial North Agrarian-farmers; interests of farmers---Mooo! The North or Union had more industrial capacity The South or Confederate side based on agricultural export cropstobacco, cotton • Abolitionist movement grows in the North • Insisted that owning another human was morally wrong • 2 million Americans treated as property and forced into labor • Slaves could be whipped or sold at any time regardless of family ties • Issue: Keeping a balance of “Free” and “Slave” states as nation grew. Why? so one side could not change laws for or against slavery • 1820 Missouri Compromise Missouri = slave Maine = free • Both states admitted at same time; and the 36 30’ N Latitude line set as divide between slave and free territory • In 1850 California applied to enter as a free state • Congress passed Compromise of 1850- it admitted California as a free state, however, any other new states in the territory acquired from Mexico, would vote and decide for themselves if they were a free or slave state which is Popular Sovereignty Uncle Tom’s Cabin A book by Harriet Beecher Stowe became a best seller. It increased opposition to slavery in the North-antislavery novel • Violence in Kansas • In 1854 Congress divided Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska • Each area would use popular sovereignty to determine if free or slave • Settlers rushed in to try to est. each state as free or slave-started a shooting war Dred Scot vs. Sandford • Dred Scott’s master took him from a slave state to a free state to live and work • Scott sued him; He felt crossing the state line set him free • Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)-Supreme Court decision that widened growing division over slavery • Issue: U.S. Constitution made slavery legal- If the gov’t did not allow a slave owner to bring his property (slaves) anywhere he/she wanted to (i.e. into the Western Territories), then the gov’t would be breaking the slave owner’s rights to his property. • Remember: natural rights; life, liberty, propertyJohn Locke- Dec. of Independence • In Dred Scott-the Supreme Court ruled that slaves had no right to sue anyone since they were property (like being sued by your car). • In addition, ruled that federal gov’t did not have power to ban slavery in any territory and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it deprived them of their property w/o due process • Election of Abraham Lincoln leads to secession of southern states (Southern States left the Union) • Confederate troops fire on Fort Sumter starting the Civil War Civil War (1861-1865) • Confederacy is defeated and the Union restored Anaconda Plan Total War -destroy a country’s ability to make war • 13th Amendment abolished slavery 14th Amendment – Grant U.S. citizenship to everyone born in the U.S. & offers equal protection under the law to all. 15th Amendment – Grants AfricanAmerican males the right to vote. • Much of the South lies in ruins after the war Radical Reconstruction put the South under military rule that lasted until 1876 • African Americans in South temporarily gain political rights • But soon loose them once white southern power restored