Download The Atom

The Atom
Created by Dr. A. Davila
What is
it?
Atom
The simplest
form of a
substance.
Atom
The universe is
made of many
different types of
substances, or
matter.
What is it?
The simplest
form of a
substance.
Where is it
found?
Atom
The universe is made of
many different types of
substances, or matter.
The simplest
form of a
substance.
What is it?
Where is it
found?
What is it
called?
Each
different
type of
matter is
called an
element.
Atom
What is it?
The universe is made of
many different types of
substances, or matter.
An element is
the simplest
form of matter
and is made of
the same type
of atoms.
The simplest
form of a
substance.
Where is it
found?
What is it
called?
What is an
element?
Each different type
of matter is called
an element.
AtomWhat is it?
The
universe is
made of
many
different
types of
substances,
The simplest
form of a
substance.
Where is it
found?
What is it
called?
or matter.
Each
different
type of
matter is
called an
element.
What is an
element?
An element
is the
simplest
form of
matter and is
made of the
same type of
atoms.
What if they
combine?
If two or
more atoms
combine it
is called a
molecule.
Atom
The universe is made of
many different types of
substances, or matter.
An element is the
simplest form of matter
and is made of the same
type of atoms.
The simplest
form of a
substance.
What is it?
Where is it
found?
What is it
called?
What is an
element?
Each different type
of matter is called
an element.
What if they
combine?
Atoms of
different
elements
may join
together
chemically
to form a
compound.
What if they
are different
atoms?
If two or more
atoms combine it is
called a molecule.
Atom
The universe is made of
many different types of
substances, or matter.
An element is the
simplest form of matter
and is made of the same
type of atoms.
Atoms of different
elements may join
together chemically to
form a compound.
What is it?
The simplest
form of a
substance.
Where is it
found?
What is it
called?
What is an
element?
What if they
combine?
What if they
are different
atoms?
Each different type
of matter is called
an element.
If two or more
atoms combine it is
called a molecule.
How are
they
described?
They are often
described using
chemical formulas.
• Atoms and Their Electrons.
Classroom Media, 1995. Full Video.
30 September
2010. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>
.
Atom
The simplest form of
a substance.
What is it?
The universe is made
of many different
types of substances,
or matter.
An element is the
simplest form of
matter and is made
of the same type of
atoms.
Where is it
found?
What is it
called?
Each different
type of matter is
called an element.
What is an
element?
What if they
combine?
If two or more
atoms combine
it is called a
molecule.
What if they
are different
atoms?
Atoms of different
elements may join
together
chemically to
form a compound.
How are
they
described?
They are often
described using
chemical
formulas.
Elements in the Human Body
2%
2%
Oxygen
3%
10%
Carbon
Hydrogen
18%
Nitrogen
65%
Calcium
Other
Composition of Air
COMPONENT
VOLUME
Nitrogen
78%
Oxygen
21%
Other
1%
Composition of the Air on Planet Earth
Elements in Our Body and Atmosphere
N
19
Nitrogen
2 5
7
+3
O
Oxygen
2 6
16
8
Ar
H
Sodium
2 8 8
Calcium
1
18
-2
0
23
39.1
12
11
20
Na Ca
Sodium
2 8 1
39.9
+1
Calcium
2 8 8 2
+2
C
Calcium
2 4
6
+/-2
1
1
-1
The Carbon Cycle
Describe an Element
• Identify the element
• Provide the elements’ symbols
• Provide its atomic number and atomic
mass
• What is its appearance, its other
properties
• Explain its uses
• How would you classify it?
An
atom
contains a
surrounded by
nucleus
electrons
composed
of
protons
which determine
the
elements
contains
which are added
atomic
number
periodic
table
which is different
for different
isotopes
protons
atomic
number
Chemical
or Element
Symbol
Element
Name
M&A Dávila
neutrons
together to find
the
mass
number
which is the
same for different
arranged on the
neutrons
1
H
Hydrogen
1.01
atomic
mass
Common Gases
substance
Ammonia
substance
substance
Oxygen
Chlorine
formula
formula
O2
Cl2
NH3
H2
typical usage
typical usage
typical usage
typical usage
respiration,
support of
combustion
bleach,
disinfectant
formula
fertilizer,
manufacture of
plastic
Hydrogen
formula
Chemical
reagent, fuel for
fuel cells
substance
Helium
formula
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Sulfur dioxide
formula
formula
formula
He
CO2
N2
SO 2
typical usage
typical usage
typical usage
typical usage
Lifting gas for
balloons
Plants need it to
complete
photosynthesis
Manufacture of
ammonia
Preservation,
disinfectant,
bleach
Solids
formula
formula
formula
Aluminum
Copper
Iron
Magnesium
Water (ice)
Gold
Al
Cu
Fe
Mg
H2O
Au
Others
formula
Maylanta or
Maalox
(antacids)
Al(OH3)
milk of magnesia Sodium Chloride
(salt)
(antacid)
Mg(OH)2(s)
NaCl
formula
formula
formula
Sucrose (sugar)
Water
Hydrogen
Peroxide
Iodine
Baking Soda
Vinegar
C12H22O11
H2O
H2O2
l2
NaHCO3
C2H4O2
periods
dissimilar
groups
similar
metals
metalloids nonmetals
malleable
brittle
electrical
conductor
Electrical
insulator
Atomic
#
always
capitalized
Never
capitalized
Shiny luster
conductor
metals
malleable
high melting point
dull luster
insultor
nonmetals
brittle
low melting point
Democritus disagreed with other philosophers who
thought that matter could be explained only by
descriptive terms. In his view, all of the descriptions of
matter were secondary to the identity of the atoms
making it up.
Rutherford called
the positively
charged, central
part of the atom
the nucleus. He
named the
positively charged
particles in the
nucleus protons.
He also suggested
that electrons
were scattered in
the mostly empty
space around the
nucleus. Thee
atoms must be
made of mostly
empty space.
Niels Bohr found evidence that electrons in atoms are arranged in
energy levels. The lowest energy level is closest to the nucleus
and can hold only two electrons. Higher energy levels are farther
from the nucleus and can contain more electrons.
This simplified model shows a nucleus of protons and neutrons
and electron paths based on energy levels.
The Modern Atomic Model
As a result of continuing research, scientists now realize that
because electrons have characteristics that are similar to waves
and particles, their energy levels are not defined, planetlike
orbits around the nucleus. Rather, it seems most likely that
electrons move in what is called the atom's electron cloud.
Lavoisier showed that wood and the oxygen it combines with during burning
have the same mass as the ash, water, carbon dioxide, and other gases that
are produced. In a similar way, an iron bar, oxygen, and water have the same
mass as the rust that forms when they interact. From Lavoisier's work came
the law of conservation of matter, which states that matter is not created or
destroyed? Matter only changes form.