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The Atom Created by Dr. A. Davila What is it? Atom The simplest form of a substance. Atom The universe is made of many different types of substances, or matter. What is it? The simplest form of a substance. Where is it found? Atom The universe is made of many different types of substances, or matter. The simplest form of a substance. What is it? Where is it found? What is it called? Each different type of matter is called an element. Atom What is it? The universe is made of many different types of substances, or matter. An element is the simplest form of matter and is made of the same type of atoms. The simplest form of a substance. Where is it found? What is it called? What is an element? Each different type of matter is called an element. AtomWhat is it? The universe is made of many different types of substances, The simplest form of a substance. Where is it found? What is it called? or matter. Each different type of matter is called an element. What is an element? An element is the simplest form of matter and is made of the same type of atoms. What if they combine? If two or more atoms combine it is called a molecule. Atom The universe is made of many different types of substances, or matter. An element is the simplest form of matter and is made of the same type of atoms. The simplest form of a substance. What is it? Where is it found? What is it called? What is an element? Each different type of matter is called an element. What if they combine? Atoms of different elements may join together chemically to form a compound. What if they are different atoms? If two or more atoms combine it is called a molecule. Atom The universe is made of many different types of substances, or matter. An element is the simplest form of matter and is made of the same type of atoms. Atoms of different elements may join together chemically to form a compound. What is it? The simplest form of a substance. Where is it found? What is it called? What is an element? What if they combine? What if they are different atoms? Each different type of matter is called an element. If two or more atoms combine it is called a molecule. How are they described? They are often described using chemical formulas. • Atoms and Their Electrons. Classroom Media, 1995. Full Video. 30 September 2010. <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/> . Atom The simplest form of a substance. What is it? The universe is made of many different types of substances, or matter. An element is the simplest form of matter and is made of the same type of atoms. Where is it found? What is it called? Each different type of matter is called an element. What is an element? What if they combine? If two or more atoms combine it is called a molecule. What if they are different atoms? Atoms of different elements may join together chemically to form a compound. How are they described? They are often described using chemical formulas. Elements in the Human Body 2% 2% Oxygen 3% 10% Carbon Hydrogen 18% Nitrogen 65% Calcium Other Composition of Air COMPONENT VOLUME Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Other 1% Composition of the Air on Planet Earth Elements in Our Body and Atmosphere N 19 Nitrogen 2 5 7 +3 O Oxygen 2 6 16 8 Ar H Sodium 2 8 8 Calcium 1 18 -2 0 23 39.1 12 11 20 Na Ca Sodium 2 8 1 39.9 +1 Calcium 2 8 8 2 +2 C Calcium 2 4 6 +/-2 1 1 -1 The Carbon Cycle Describe an Element • Identify the element • Provide the elements’ symbols • Provide its atomic number and atomic mass • What is its appearance, its other properties • Explain its uses • How would you classify it? An atom contains a surrounded by nucleus electrons composed of protons which determine the elements contains which are added atomic number periodic table which is different for different isotopes protons atomic number Chemical or Element Symbol Element Name M&A Dávila neutrons together to find the mass number which is the same for different arranged on the neutrons 1 H Hydrogen 1.01 atomic mass Common Gases substance Ammonia substance substance Oxygen Chlorine formula formula O2 Cl2 NH3 H2 typical usage typical usage typical usage typical usage respiration, support of combustion bleach, disinfectant formula fertilizer, manufacture of plastic Hydrogen formula Chemical reagent, fuel for fuel cells substance Helium formula Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Sulfur dioxide formula formula formula He CO2 N2 SO 2 typical usage typical usage typical usage typical usage Lifting gas for balloons Plants need it to complete photosynthesis Manufacture of ammonia Preservation, disinfectant, bleach Solids formula formula formula Aluminum Copper Iron Magnesium Water (ice) Gold Al Cu Fe Mg H2O Au Others formula Maylanta or Maalox (antacids) Al(OH3) milk of magnesia Sodium Chloride (salt) (antacid) Mg(OH)2(s) NaCl formula formula formula Sucrose (sugar) Water Hydrogen Peroxide Iodine Baking Soda Vinegar C12H22O11 H2O H2O2 l2 NaHCO3 C2H4O2 periods dissimilar groups similar metals metalloids nonmetals malleable brittle electrical conductor Electrical insulator Atomic # always capitalized Never capitalized Shiny luster conductor metals malleable high melting point dull luster insultor nonmetals brittle low melting point Democritus disagreed with other philosophers who thought that matter could be explained only by descriptive terms. In his view, all of the descriptions of matter were secondary to the identity of the atoms making it up. Rutherford called the positively charged, central part of the atom the nucleus. He named the positively charged particles in the nucleus protons. He also suggested that electrons were scattered in the mostly empty space around the nucleus. Thee atoms must be made of mostly empty space. Niels Bohr found evidence that electrons in atoms are arranged in energy levels. The lowest energy level is closest to the nucleus and can hold only two electrons. Higher energy levels are farther from the nucleus and can contain more electrons. This simplified model shows a nucleus of protons and neutrons and electron paths based on energy levels. The Modern Atomic Model As a result of continuing research, scientists now realize that because electrons have characteristics that are similar to waves and particles, their energy levels are not defined, planetlike orbits around the nucleus. Rather, it seems most likely that electrons move in what is called the atom's electron cloud. Lavoisier showed that wood and the oxygen it combines with during burning have the same mass as the ash, water, carbon dioxide, and other gases that are produced. In a similar way, an iron bar, oxygen, and water have the same mass as the rust that forms when they interact. From Lavoisier's work came the law of conservation of matter, which states that matter is not created or destroyed? Matter only changes form.