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The Enlightenment The The Revolution Revolutions American Industrial in Latin in France Revolution Revolution America 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 Question 1 - 10 • Which Enlightenment philosopher is responsible for the idea of “The Social Contract” Answer 1 – 10 • Thomas Hobbes Question 1 - 20 • During the enlightenment era, in Paris many would hold parties in their homes where philosophers, writers, musicians, artists, among others, would come together to share and discuss their ideas. What were these gatherings called? Answer 1 – 20 • Salons Question 1 - 30 • Describe the philosophy of Scottish economist Adam Smith Answer 1 – 30 • Adam Smith believed in the importance of maintaining a free market, where trade would not be regulated by government Question 1 - 40 • This man was credited with the creation of the first Encyclopedia Answer 1 – 40 • Denis Diderot Question 1 - 50 • Describe the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau Answer 1 – 50 • Jean-Jacques Rousseau – People are basically good natured, but over time they are corrupted by society Question 2 - 10 • “The shot heard round the world” refers to the first shot fired in the American Revolutionary war, what battle was this shot fired at? Answer 2 – 10 • The Battle of Lexington and Concord Question 2 - 20 • How did General Washington demonstrate his leadership during the American Revolution, resulting in his unanimous election as the first president of the United States Answer 2 – 20 • General Washington demonstrated his leadership in the American Revolution largely by his success at the Battle of Trenton, where the troops sneakily crossed the Delaware River at midnight on Christmas day, catching the enemy by surprise Question 2 - 30 • What was the result of the Second Continental Congress? Answer 2 – 30 • At the Second Continental Congress the Declaration of Independence was created Question 2 - 40 • The first national government of the United States was called ________________________________ Answer 2 – 40 • The Articles of Confederation Question 2 - 50 • What event marked the official end of the American Revolutionary war? Answer 2 – 50 • The signing of the Treaty of Paris Question 3 - 10 • What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution? • What year did this happen? Answer 3 – 10 • The beheading of King Louis XVI • This happened in 1793 Question 3 - 20 • Who was King Louis XVI’s wife, and why was she greatly disliked by the French people? Answer 3 – 20 • Mary Antoinette, she was greatly disliked by the French people because she was Austrian, and Austria was long time enemies of France. She was also disliked because she loved to spend lots of money, and the French people were suffering greatly economically… Question 3 - 30 • What were the main goals of the Congress of Vienna? Answer 3 – 30 • Get rid of Napoleon, restore the balance of power to Europe, restore the original borders of France, restore the Bourbon monarchs to power across Europe Question 3 - 40 • Explain what the “Old Order” was, and who made up each of the 3 estates. Answer 3 – 40 • The Old Order was the system that had been in place for years. In the Old order, French society was divided into 3 estates: – 1st Estate: The Clergy – 2nd Estate: Noble landlords, military, government jobs – 3rd Estate: Everyone else Question 3 - 50 • After Napoleon Bonaparte died, who were the next 3 kings that ruled before Napoleon III (AKA Louis Napoleon) Answer 3 – 50 • Louis XVIII > Charles X > Louis Phillipe Question 4 - 10 • Who was Jethro Tull, and how did he impact the agrarian revolution in England? Answer 4 – 10 • Jethro Tull was a lawyer, that inherited his family’s farm • He invented the seed drill which drastically increased productivity and success of farmers, by decreasing the amount of wasted seeds, and speeding up the planting process Question 4 - 20 • List 4 major problems created by the Industrial Revolution Answer 4 – 20 Question 4 - 30 • Name the inventors associated with each of the following inventions: – The Cotton Gin – The Telephone – The Steam Engine – The Factory system – The light bulb Answer 4 – 30 • • • • • Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney The Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell The Steam Engine – James Watt The Factory System – Richard Arkwright The Light Bulb – Thomas Edison Question 4 - 40 • Who brought English textile technology to the United States? Answer 4 – 40 • Samuel Slater Question 4 - 50 • Provide the name of the scientist/psychologist associated with each of the following innovations: – Behaviorism – Vaccines – Psychoanalysis – Radioactivity – Pasteurization Answer 4 – 50 • • • • • Behaviorism – Ivan Pavlov Vaccines – Louis Pasteur Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud Radioactivity – Marie Curie Pasteurization – Louis Pasteur Question 5 - 10 • Toussaint L’Overture helped liberate what Latin American country? • What happened to Toussaint L’Overture? Answer 5 – 10 • Haiti • Toussaint L’Overture was imprisoned by Napoleon, and died in jail in France Question 5 - 20 • Explain the difference between creoles and peninsulares Answer 5 – 20 • Creoles were of European descent, but born in the Spanish colonies of Latin America, they identified as more independent from their colonial authorities • Peninsulares were born in Europe, but lived in the colonies, they saw themselves as the colonial authority over the Latin American countries they lived in Question 5 - 30 • Simon Bolivar helped liberate much of _________ South America from colonial rule, Jose de San Martin helped liberate much of __________ from colonial rule Answer 5 – 30 • Simon Bolivar – North • Jose de San Martin - South Question 5 - 40 • Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo, and what happened to him? Answer 5 – 40 • Father Miguel Hidalgo started the movement for Mexican Independence • He was captured and executed by Spain Question 5 - 50 • Name all 3 of the men who led the movement for Mexican independence, and what became of each of them Answer 5 – 50 • 1.) Father Miguel Hidalgo – captured and executed by Spain • 2.) Jose Maria Morales – captured and executed by Spain • 3.) Agustin Iturbide – crowned first king of Mexico