Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
IMPERIALISM AND WWI America Expands and Becomes a World Power Teddy Roosevelt “I wish to see the United States the dominant power on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.” -Teddy Roosevelt, Oct. 20, 1900 Imperial Cruise Summer of 1905 – Roosevelt dispatched the largest delegation to Asia in U.S. History. He sent: Sec. of War, 7 Senators, 23 Congressman, Military and Civilian Officials, and his daughter, Alice. Ocean Liner: From SF to- Hawaii, Japan, Phillippines, China, Korea and then back to SF. Imperial Cruise TR was serving as his own Sec. of State Over the course of the trip, TR made important decisions that would affect America’s involvement in Asia for generations. Imperial Cruise Taft led the trip and ensured a Roosevelt name in the newspapers headlines. Alice went too. The “Jackie Kennedy” of her day TR was enthusiastic about American expansion in Asia, saying- “Our future history will be more determined by our position on the Pacific facing China than by our position in the Atlantic facing Europe.” Imperialistic Ideas (Expansion) The nation needed more markets for its goods John Hay’s Open Door Policy – open access to China for American investment and commercial interests – bolstered American commercial interests in China – it gave the United States access to millions of Chinese consumers Imperialistic Ideas (Expansion) cont’ Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – Direct cause - American fear that financial instability in the Dominican Republic would lead to European intervention – Expanded America’s role in Central America and the Caribbean – Intervening in Latin America nations that could not pay their debts to European creditors Panama Canal 1 day revolution against Colombia – Roosevelt gave military support Facilitated trade between Atlantic and Pacific ports Alfred T. Mahan – importance of sea power Spanish American War Yellow Journalism – Sensational news stories stirred the anger of the American public – Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst – “Remember the Maine, To Hell with Spain” – “You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war" Territories gained – Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines Presidential Foreign Policy Roosevelt – Big Stick Taft – Dollar Diplomacy Wilson – Moral Diplomacy Wilson Reelected in 1916 The Democratic campaign slogan: “He kept us out of war.” Prosperity resulting from increase exports to Britain Wilson’s policy of neutrality WWI Americans viewed Germany as cold-blooded and cruel America enters because Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare – – – – – the sinking of the Lusitania the Sussex Pledge Zimmerman Telegram Wilson’s decision to break off diplomatic relations with Germany Wilson’s war message to Congress, April 1917 Lusitania – May 7, 1915 1200 people killed (Off the coast of Ireland) Public opinion – many countries turned against Germany German gov’t tried to justify it by claiming in an official statement that it was carrying military aid Sussex Pledge - 1916 Germany’s appeasement to the U.S. 1. Passenger ships would not be targeted 2. Merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons had been established, if necessary by a search of the ship 3. Merchant ships would not be sunk without provision for the safety of passengers and crew Zimmerman Telegram - 1917 Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmerman The Telegram instructed German Ambassador in the U.S., Eckardt, that if the United States appeared likely to enter the war he would ask the Mexico for an alliance. German would give Mexico military aid to help Mexico gain back land lost during the Mexican-American War Proposed alliance with Japan WWI Cont African American troops were segregated and rarely allowed to engage in combat CPI propaganda – the United States was fighting for freedom and democracy – the United States was fighting a barbarous nation – buying bonds was important to support the war effort – a German invasion of the United States was a possibility WWI Cont War Boards Function – increase cooperation among business, labor and government Espionage Act 1917 Sedition Amendment 1918 Schenck v. U.S – the government can restrict the First Amendment right to free speech in time of war. Treaty of Versailles Fourteen Points Main Ideas – – – – self-determination open diplomacy freedom of the seas a League of Nations Treaty of Versailles cont’ Senate does not ratify –Wilson wanted the unconditional adherence of the United States to the charter of the League of Nations