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America Moves Toward War Revised Neutrality Act 1939 • “Cash and Carry” provision • Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships. Axis Powers • September 27, 1940 • Germany, Italy, and Japan sign Tripartite Act – became known as Axis Powers. • Aimed at keeping the U.S. out of the war – would have to fight a two ocean war. Election of 1940 • Roosevelt vs. Willkie • Roosevelt won third term as President Lend-Lease Plan • President could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the United States. • Passed in March of 1941 • When Hitler broke his agreement with Stalin and attacked Russia, Roosevelt started lending supplies to the Soviet Union under this plan. German Wolf Packs • Groups of German U-boats that would attack supply ships • Up to 40 U-boats would patrol and attack together at night. • By 1943, not as dangerous b/c of new technology – radar Atlantic Charter • Agreement by Britain and America • Both countries pledged the following: collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas. • After German submarine fired on a U.S. destroyer, Roosevelt ordered navy commanders to shoot German submarines on sight. Japan • 1937, launched an attack on China • Wanted to unite East Asia under Japanese control • U.S. reacted by cutting off trade with Japan • Japan could not operate without oil from the United States Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 • “A date which will live in infamy” • More than 180 Japanese warplanes attacked the U.S. Naval Base in Hawaii. • 2,403 killed, 1,178 injured • 21 ships sunk or damaged, more than 300 aircraft damaged or destroyed. • U.S. declared war on Japan; 3 days later Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.