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Transcript
7A MP3 Review 1. What are the steps of the scientific method? • Problem • Gather information • Hypothesis • Experiment • Observation • Conclusion • Repeat 2. What can be done to make the experiment more valid? • Repeat • Increase sample size 3. A student wanted to test whether salt affects the growth of plants. He gave 10 Plants in group A water and 10 Plants in group B water with 5mg of salt. After 2 weeks the plants in Group B Died. a. Independent variable •salt b. Dependent variable •growth c. Control group •Plant A d. Experimental group •Plant B e. 3 Constants •Type of plant, sunlight, temperature, amount of soil 4. What is the length of the object below? • 8.9 cm 5. What is the volume of the liquid below? •73mL 6. A student placed 10.5 mL of water into a graduated cylinder. An object was placed into the same graduated cylinder. The water level went up to 16.5 mL. What is the volume of the object? •16.5 – 10.5 = •6.0 mL 7. Determine the volume of an object with the following dimensions: L = 1.56 cm w = 4.3 cm H = 1.757 •V = l x w x h •V = 1.56 cm x 4.3 cm x 1.757 cm •11.78 •V = 11.8 cm3 8. Determine the density of an object with a mass of 156.3g and a volume of 45.2mL. Show all work. •D = m = 156.3g = 3.457 = 3.5 g/mL 45.2mL v a. Does the object float or sink in water? Why? • Sinks because its more dense than water b. If this object is cut in half, what is the density of each half? • It will remain the same 9. An object is observed in the field of view below. In which direction should you move the slide in order to center the image? object is observed in the field of vie •left 10. The diameter of the field of view is 2000 um. What is the length of the object in this field of view? a. Millimeters: •1 mm b. Micrometers: •1000 um 11. The diameter of the field of view is 5000 um. What is the length of one of these objects? a. Millimeters = •1.25 mm b. Micrometers = •1250 um 12. What is the diameter of the field of view below? a. In millimeters = • 7.0 mm b. In micrometers = • 7000.0 um CHEMISTRY 13. Identify the part of an atom being described: a. Positive charge • proton b. Found moving around nucleus • electron c. Negative charge • electron d. Found in the nucleus • Protons and neutrons e. No charge • neutrons f. Smallest mass • Electron 14. A. A solution is made using sugar and water. a. Solute • sugar b. Solvent • Water B. Describe 1 way to increase the solubility of this solution. • Heat it up 15. Use the solubility graph to answer the following questions. a. How many grams of sugar can dissolve in 100mL of water at 50°C? •260g b. How many grams of salt can dissolve in 100mL of water at 10°C? •40 g c. At 20°C, how many grams of sugar can be dissolved in 100mL of water? •200g d. Which substance has a greater solubility at 60°C? •sugar 16. Identify 2 examples of a physical property. • Color, mass, texture, shape, odor 17. Identify 2 examples of a chemical property. • Flammability, reactivity, rusting 18. Identify 2 examples of a physical change. • Melting, tearing, crushing, evaporation 19. Identify 2 examples of a chemical change. • Rusting, burning 20. Identify the phase of d. Identify the phases matter being described of matter below: below: a. molecules very far apart, move very fast • Gas solid liquid gas b. molecules slide past each other • Liquid c. molecules packed tightly together • Solid 21. For each phase change below, identify how the material is changing. a. Melting • Solid liquid b. Freezing • Liquid solid c. Evaporation • Liquid gas d. Condensation • Gas liquid 22. Use the heating curve to answer the following questions. a.What is the melting point? •70°C b. At what temp does the substance start evaporating? •140°C c. What is the boiling point? •140°C d. Between what letters are all phase changes occurring? • B & C AND D & E d. What is happening to the molecules as time increases? • Moving faster and farther apart 23. Identify the parts of the periodic table being described below a. rows • periods b. columns • Groups/families c. Group 18 • Noble Gases d. Brittle • Nonmetals e. Group 1 • Alkali Metalsf e. Good conductors • metals g. All elements to the left of the zig zag line • Metals h. Elements to the right of the zig zag line • Nonmetals i. Ductile & malleable • Metals j. On zig zag line • Semi-metals/metalloids k. Have luster • Metals l. May have properties of both metals and nonmetals • Semi-metals/metalloids 24. a. Atomic # • 54 b. Atomic mass • 131.293 c. # of protons • 54 d. mass # • 131 e. # of neutrons • 77 CLASSIFICATION 25. What are the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest? •Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 26. How do we name organisms? •Genus species 27. KINGDOM CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES 1. Archaebacteria Unicelluar Prokaryotic extreme environments 2. Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic Bacteria found everywhere 3. Protists Unicellular Eukaryotic ameba, paramecium 4. Fungi Mostly multicellular Heterotrophs mushroom, mold, yeast 5. Plants Multicellular Autotrophs trees, grass 6. Animals Multicellular Heterotrophs humans, dogs, insects CELLS 28. Which scientists stated that: a. All animals are made of cells • Schwann b. All plants are made of cells • Schleiden c. all cells come from other cells •Virchow 29. Identify the organelle being described: a. Semi-permeable • Cell membrane b. Holds organelles in place • cytoplasm c. Controls the cell • nucleus d. Gives a plant cell its shape. • Cell wall e. Package and ship materials out. • Golgi bodies f. Produce proteins. • Ribosomes m. Channels in cytoplasm that transport materials. • ER g. Contain enzymes that break down materials • lysosomes h. Carry out photosynthesis • Chloroplasts i. Helps animal cells divide • Centrioles j. Produces ribosomes • Nucleolus k. Carries out respiration • Mitochondria l. Stores materials • Vacuole 30. Label the cell organelles below. 33. Label the cell organelles below. ER ribosomes G chloroplast H I golgi bodies N F Cell wall E Cell membrane D nucleolus C mitochondria O B cytoplasm A J vacuole K DNA L nucleus M W nuclear membrane vacuoles mitochondria O P lysosomes centrioles Q N J R golgi bodies K S cell membrane L M T W ER cytoplasm V U nuclear nucleus membrane 31. What are the 5 levels of organization in a multicellular organism from smallest to largest? • Cells tissues organs organ systems organism 32. What are the 2 types of passive transport? • Diffusion & osmosis 33. Explain 2 differences between passive and active transport. • Passive = no energy, high low, with concentration gradient • Active = energy, low high, against concentration gradient 34. Which way does water move when a cell is placed in salt water? • Out of the cell 35. Which way does water move when a cell is placed in distilled water? • Into the cell RESPIRATION 36. Where does respiration occur? • Mitochondria 37. What are the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? • Aerobic = oxygen required, makes 36 ATP • Anaerobic = oxygen not requires, makes 2 ATP 38. Identify the 2 types of anaerobic respiration and in what organism each occurs. • Lactic acid ferm = human muscles when they un out of oxygen • Alcoholic ferm = yeast DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. Identify the nutrient being described: a. build and repair • Proteins b. Primary source of energy • Carbohydrates c. Store energy • Lipids d. What makes up most of the body • Water e. Regulate body functions • Vitamins and minerals f. makes up most of the body • Water 2. a. Label the parts of the digestive system. mouth esophagus liver gall bladder small intestine stomach pancreas Large intestine rectum b. How is energy measured in food? • Calories c. How does chemical digestion occur in the mouth? • Salivary amylase breaks down starch sugar d. How does mechanical digestion occur in the mouth? • Teeth break down food into smaller pieces e & f. How does chemical digestion occur in the stomach? • Enzyme breaks down proteins g. Where does digestion end? • Small intestine 3. Where are villi located? What is the function of the villi? • Villi in the small intestine. • Absorb nutrients into blood. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 4. BLOOD VESSEL a. arteries b. veins FUNCTION -carry blood away from heart -pulse -carry blood to heart c. capillaries -allow materials to be exchanged by diffusion -connect arteries to veins PARTS OF FUNCTIONS THE BLOOD a. Red blood -carry oxygen and carbon dioxide cells b. White blood -protect the body against disease cells c. platelets - help blood clot d. plasma -liquid part that transports materials 55. Label the parts of the heart below. aorta valve Right atrium left atrium valve valve right ventricle left ventricle septum 6. What kind of blood does the right side of the heart receive? Where did it just come from? Where does it pump blood to? • Deoxygenated, from the body, to the lungs 7. What kind of blood does the left side of the heart receive? Where did it just come from? Where does it pump blood to? • Oxygenated, from the lungs, to the body RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 8. a. Label the diagram below. Nasal cavity mouth larynx lung bronchi pharynx trachea Bronchi bronchiole diaphragm alveoli b. Where does gas exchange happen? • Alveoli c. What 3 things happens in the resp system when you inhale? • Diaphragm moves down (contracts) • Air pressure decreases. • Rib cage expands. d. What 3 things happens in the resp system when you exhale? • Diaphragm moves up (relaxes) • Air pressure increases. • Rib cage contracts. EXCRETORY SYSTEM 9. a. Label the diagram below. kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra EXCRETORY SYSTEM a. What is excretion? • Removal of cellular (metabolic) wastes b. Why is the liver part of the excretory system? • Produces Urea and detoxifies body c. What are the three functions of the kidneys? • Filters blood, maintains water balance, produces urine NERVOUS & ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS 10. What is homeostasis? • Maintaining a stable, internal environment 11. A message sent by the nervous system is called an • Impulse 12. A change in the environment which causes a response is called a • Stimulus 13. The sense organs that pick up a stimulus is called a • Receptor 14. Muscles of glands that carry out a response are called • Effectors 15. How does an impulse travel through a synapse? • The terminal branches release neurotransmitters into the synapse that carry the impulse across to next neuron. 16. Label the neuron below. dendrites Cell body/cyton nucleus Schwann cells axon Terminal branches 17. Fill in the chart below. PARTS OF THE BRAIN FUNCTION a.Cerebrum Voluntary activities Senses Thinking, memory, reasoning, intelligence Balance Involuntary activities b. Cerebellum c. medulla 18. The central nervous system is made up of the • Brain and spinal cord 19. The nerves that branch of the spinal cord make up the _________ nervous system. • peripheral 20. How do hormones travel to muscle cells? • Blood 21. A. Draw a line from the name of the gland to its picture. B. Draw a line from the picture of the gland to its function. IMMUNE SYSTEM 22. What is a pathogen? • Disease causing organism 23. What makes up the bodys 1st line of defense? • Skin, saliva, mucus, cilia, gastric juice 24. How do antibodies protect the body against disease? • Attach to antigen and slow it down so WBC’s can kill it 25. Explain the differences between passive and active immunity? • Passive = Temporary, get antibodies from someone else • Active = permanent, make own antibodies 26. Explain the differences between an infectious and noninfectious disease. • Infectious = caused by pathogen, can be spread • Noninfectious = not caused by pathogen, cannot be spread 27. How does HIV affect the body? • Attacks T-cells destroys immune system SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 28. What is the difference between a ligament and tendon? • Ligaments connect bone to bone. • Tendons connect muscle to bone. 29. Identify where cartilage is located in the body. • body parts (ears and nose) • Between vertebrae • ends of bones • skeleton of newborn 30. What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system? • Movement • Shape • Protection • Produces blood cells • Stores materials (calcium & phosphorus) 31. Fill in the chart below. TYPE OF MUSCLE VOLUNTARY/ STRIATED/ INVOLUNTARY NONSTRIATED LOCATION A. skeletal Voluntary Striated Attached to bones B. smooth Involuntary Nonstriated C. cardiac Involuntary Striated Digestive system, blood vessels… heart