* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download In Figure 19-4, which disinfectant was the most effective at
Survey
Document related concepts
Taxonomy (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Cell theory wikipedia , lookup
State switching wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial taxonomy wikipedia , lookup
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Semester Exam Review Evolution Taxonomy viruses bacteria protists fungi plants invertebrates vertebrates Human body 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 WRONG…TRY AGAIN. AWESOME! 100 According to Darwin, any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s fitness for survival is a. Mutation b. An adaptation c. A gene d. An acquired trait 200 The forelimbs of humans, cats, dolphins, and bats are similar. These similarities indicate that all these organisms had a common ancestor. Scientists call these similarities a. Similar structures b. Homologous structures c. Fossils d. Vestigial organs 300 Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection? a. The natural variation found in all populations. b. Unrelated but similar species living at different locations. c. Changes in the inherited characteristics of a population d. The struggle for existence undergone by all living things. 400 When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? a. Acquired characteristics b. Reproductive isolation c. Survival of the fittest d. Descent with modification 500 In humans, the pelvis and femur are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in the picture above are examples of : a. Fossils b. Vestigial structures c. Acquired traits d. Natural variation 600 Scientists combine fossil evidence, body structure, DNA and early embryological development to a. determine what bones an animal has in its’ forelimbs. b. determine the evolutionary relationships among species. c. decide which fossils are older than others. d. determine whether an organism will have gills during early development. 700 According to the diagram above, how many species of Darwin’s ground finches are in the Galapagos Islands? 3 4 6 10 100 Taxonomy To which kingdom would a unicellular organism found living in an extreme environment belong? – – – – Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi 200 Which of the following characteristics belongs to members of the Kingdom Animalia? F. Cell walls made of chitin G. Unicellularity H. Cells that lack organelles J. Cells that lack cell walls 300 The organism pictured at right is a unicellular organism belonging to A. Kingdom Eubacteria. B. Kingdom Animalia. C. Kingdom Protista. D. Kingdom Plantae. 400 Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as F. traditional classification. G. cladistics. H. binomial nomenclature. J. the three domains. 500 The proper order for Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories of classification from most broad to most specific is a. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom b. kingdom, family, genus, order, species, phylum, class c. species, kingdom, genus, class, family, phylum, order d. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 600 Using the classification chart above, which two kingdoms are comprised of organisms that are multicellular, autotrophic and have cell walls of cellulose? a. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria b. Protista and Plantae c. Animalia and Plantae d. Protista and Animalia 700 The science that specializes in the classification of newly found organisms is A. anatomy B. taxonomy. C. botany. D. paleontology. 100 Bacteria Eubacteria and Archaebacteria differ in A. the presence of a nucleus B. the makeup of their cell walls C. size. D. the presence of a cell wall 200 Which of the following are members of the kingdom Archaebacteria? F. methanogens G. eubacteria H. eukaryotes J. E.coli 300 The structure in Figure 19-1 represents a(an) A. virus. B. archaebacterium. C. methanogen. D. eubacterium. 400 When treated with Gram stain, Gram positive Eubacteria appear F. violet. G. pink. H. yellow. J. orange. 500 The method called Gram staining is used to tell A. what shape a prokaryote has B. how a prokaryote obtains energy C. what kind of cell wall a prokaryote has D. whether a prokaryote has flagella 600 Figure 19-2 shows how prokaryotes can be identified by F. the composition of their cell walls. G. their reaction to the Gram stain. H. their cell shapes. J. their methods for obtaining energy. 700 21. Which cell shape in Figure 19-2 is called a coccus? A. A B. B C. C D. None of the above 100 Viruses The outer protein coat of a virus is called a A. DNA core. B. capsid. C. bacteriophage. D. tail sheath. 200 All viruses are made of proteins and F. nucleic acids. G. prophages. H. bacteriophages. J. endospores. 300 A lytic infection concludes with the A. embedding of viral DNA. B. production of a prophage. C. bursting of the host cell. D. production of messenger RNA. 400 Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT F. inject their genetic material into the host cell. G. enter the lytic cycle. H. lyse the host cell right away. J. infect host cells. 500 Viral diseases can be F. treated with antibiotics and prevented with vaccines. G. treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics. H. prevented with antibiotics but not treated with vaccines J. prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotic. 600 Figure 19-3, the structure labeled C is A. DNA. B. the capsid. C. the tail fiber. D. the sheath. 700 In Figure 19-4, which disinfectant was the most effective at controlling the growth of the bacteria ? F. Disinfectant 1 G. Disinfectant 2 H. Disinfectant 3 J. None of the above 100 protists a. b. c. d. What characteristic of plants is shared by green algae? Cell wall composition Photosynthetic pigments Multicellularity None of the above 200 A bloom is F. the clouding of water by sewage. G. an enormous mass of algae that can be fatal to ocean life. H. a symbiotic relationship between algae and coral. J. None of the above. 300 a. b. c. d. Which substances allow algae to harvest and use energy from sunlight? Cilia and chlorophyll Flagella and pseudopods Chlorophyll and other accessory pigments Cilia and contractile vacuoles 400 Protists that break down organic material include the F. fungus-like protists. G. animal-like protists. H. plant-like protists. J. None of the above 500 Which of the below protists utilizes pseudopods for feeding and movement? A B C D 600 A B C D Which of the following shows the correct pairing of the protist above and the structure it uses for movement? flagella cilia flagella pseudopods 700 Which of the following characteristics of algae make them vital in maintaining life on Earth? A. They are rich in vitamin C. B. They produce chemicals that are used to treat health problems. C. They produce much of the Earth’s oxygen via photosynthesis. D. They produce chemicals that are used to make plastics, waxes and paints. 100 Fungi All fungi F. make their own food. G. absorb their food. H. produce mushrooms. I. have chlorophyll. 200 Most fungi reproduce A. B. C. D. asexually only. sexually only. both sexually and asexually. by budding 300 Sporangia are found on the tops of specialized hyphae called F. sporangiophores. G. mycelia. H. gametangia. J. stolons 400 Fungal hyphae, shown in Figure 21-1, differ in that some lack A. cell walls. B. nuclei. C. cellulose. D. cytoplasm. 500 Mushrooms are classified as F. imperfect fungi. G. sac fungi. H. common molds. J. club fungi 600 a. b. c. d. An important role of fungi in an ecosystem is photosynthesis. breaking down dead organisms. making alcohol. killing bacteria. 700 Which of the following statements about fungi is true? F. They bind nutrients and store them. G. They return nutrients to the soil. H. They do not affect soil nutrients. J. They deplete the soil of nutrients. 100- plants Which of the following is NOT characteristic of all plants? A. They are eukaryotic B. They have cell walls C. They produce seeds D. They are multicellular 200 Plants use the energy of sunlight to F. exchange gases with the atmosphere. G. take in water from the soil. H. carry out cellular respiration. J. carry out photosynthesis 300 Bryophytes need standing water in order to a. reproduce. b. draw water up by osmosis. c. undergo photosynthesis. d. grow tall. 400 Xylem tissue is important to ferns because it F. can conduct water over long distances. G. allows water to diffuse into the roots. H. carries carbohydrates to all parts of the plant. J. allows ferns to reproduce in dry environments. 500 Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called pollen grains. cones. ovaries. petals 600 F. G. H. J. Unlike a dicot, a monocot has 4-5 petals per flower. two cotelydons. taproots. parallel leaf veins. 700 The flower at right is from a _______________ plant. fern bryophyte monocot dicot 100 : invertebrates Some type of body symmetry is found in all invertebrates EXCEPT F. cnidarians. G. mollusks. H. flatworms. J. sponges. 200 Which phylum does the organism at right belong to? A. Porifera B. Cnidaria C. Mollusca D. Annelida 300 The distinguishing feature of an animal’s closed circulatory system is F. it does not include a heart. G. blood is contained within vessels that extend throughout the body. H. blood is kept at low pressure. J. blood is circulated less efficiently than in an open circulatory system. 400 If an animal has a digestive tract, an open circulatory system and an exoskeleton it could be a (an) A. arthropod. B. echinoderm. C. cnidarian. D. roundworm. 500 Sponges are sessile so they can only obtain food by F. photosynthesis G. filtering feeding H. swimming along the sea floor and engulfing plankton J. using their spiracles to paralyze their prey. 600 Cephalization refers to the A. division of the body into upper and lower sides. B. joining together of specialized cells to form tissues C. concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the anterior end of the body. D. formation of body cavity between the germ layers. 700 Which of the following invertebrates is correctly paired with the phylum in which it belongs? F. Earthworm - Phylum Platyhelminthes G. Giant squid - Phylum Mollusca H. Tapeworm - Phylum Nematoda J. Slug - Phylum Echinodermata 100: vertebrates Controlling body temperature from within is one way that endotherms a. maintain homeostasis. b. regulate gas exchange. c. improve excretory function. d. regulate blood circulation. 200 Which chordates in the graph above are examples of ectotherms? F. Only the lizard G. The lizard, snake and alligator H. The snake, alligator and pigeon J. The rabbit, cat and pigeon 300 According to the graph, which animal’s body temperature is MOST influenced by the temperature of the environment? a. Pigeon b. Cat c. Snake d. Lizard 400 Which of the following facts about amphibians are TRUE? F. They can lay their eggs on dry land. G. They have an exoskeleton H. They have thin moist skin, are Ectothermic and have an endoskeleton J. They have rough, dry, scaly skin 500 Suppose a fish was swimming in total darkness. Which of the following would be most likely to help the fish detect vibrations of predators approaching it from behind? a. Eyes b. Lateral line system c. Swim bladder d. Gills 600 A feature that is shared by crocodilians, birds and mammals is a (an) a. open circulatory system b. four-chambered heart c. hollow skeleton. d. lateral line system. 700 Birds are beneficial to the environment because they a. disperse seeds. b. are pollinators. c. help control the insect population . d. All of the above 100 human body Which two organ systems work together to help deliver oxygen to body cells? F. G. H. J. Digestive and excretory systems Circulatory and immune systems Endocrine and muscular systems Respiratory and circulatory systems 200 Which endocrine gland(s) communicate with the hypothalamus to control many body activities, including growth from infancy to adulthood? Adrenal glands B. Pancreas C. Pituitary gland D. Thyroid gland A. 300 What kind of body cell is pictured at right? F. G. H. J. Red blood cell Osteocyte Neuron Kidney cell 400 To which body system does the cell pictured below belong to and also play a crucial role in? A. B. C. D. Circulatory system Respiratory system Excretory system Nervous system 500 What is the most important function of the integumentary system? F. G. H. J. Protection Transport of materials Support Disposal of wastes 600 In the picture of the digestive system at right, which letter represents the location where the most absorption of nutrients from food takes place? A D G H 700 In the female reproductive system, eggs are produced in the F. G. H. J. fallopian tubes ovaries uterus cervix