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Introduction
Blood clotting
Allergic Reaction
Hormone release
Immune response
Blood Clotting
Initiated by
Extrinsic mechanism
Substances from damaged tissues are mixed
with the blood,
Intrinsic mechanism
Blood itself is traumatized
Affected by more than 30 blood
substances.
Prothrombin – essential clotting
mechanism.
Platelets - initiates blood clotting
Vitamin K – needed to produce
prothrombin.
Blood Clot
Requirements:
thrombin
calcium ions (Ca2+)
clotting factors
Components:
Platelet plugs
enmeshed in a
network of insoluble
fibrin molecules
Clot Formation
Blood Clotting Mechanism
Immune Response
Antigen
Antibody
Lymphocytes
Phagocytic
Cells
Natural Killer
Cells
Cytokines
T-Cell Response
B – Cell Response
Lymphocytic Response
Allergic Reaction
An over reaction of the body’s
defense.
Response to invader.
Triggered by Allergens (antigens).
Can be caused by anything.
Can be life threatening.
Allergic Reaction
Allergic Reaction
Hormone Release
Body
messengers.
steroids
peptides
amines
Endocrine
Vasopressin
Growth Hormone
Calcitonin
Insulin
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Exocrine
Sweat
Saliva
digestive juices
Hormone Release
Neural Regulation
Humoral Regulation
Summary
Blood clotting is a protective
mechanism to avoid blood loss,
Immune response is body’s
defense.
Allergic reaction is an
exaggerated response to antigen.
Hormone release is to sustain
system functions.
Four functions are with special
association.
References
Allergic reaction. Retrieved September 18, 2008 from
EMedicine Health Website:
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/allergic_reaction/articl
e_em.htm
Blood and body defenses I. Retrieved September 18, 2008
from
http://www.people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes4.htm
Humoral regulation of hormone release. Retrieved
September 18, 2008 from
http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/humoral/humo
ralregulation.htm
Neural regulation of hormone release. Retrieved
September 18, 2008 from
http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/neuralreg/neur
alreg.htmlhttp://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/neur
alreg/neuralreg.html
Your endocrine system. Retrieved September 18, 2008
from http://www.hormone.org/endocrine_system.cfm