Download Classical Conditioning

CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
Critical Definitions for Classical
Conditioning

Use Module 23 (pgs. 290) to STUDY the following
important concepts in Classical Conditioning:
1.
unconditioned stimulus,
2.
unconditioned response,
3.
conditioned stimulus,
4.
conditioned response,
5.
acquisition,
6.
higher-order conditioning,
7.
extinction,
8.
spontaneous recovery,
9.
generalization,
10.
discrimination,
11.
taste aversion
(Spiral) Famous Studies Rotations: Classical
Conditioning
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#9: It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs
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#10: Little Emotional Albert
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1. Read each study with your group.
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2. Summarize each in 5 points, including the name of the experimenter
(they appear by name on the AP Exam).
3. Make a conditioning map for each identifying . . .
1.
UCS
2.
UCR
3.
CS
4.
CR
5.
Instances of Stimulus generalization
Step 1: Select a stimulus

Definition of Terms
Neutral Stimulus: a stimulus
that is not yet associated with a
response
Pavlov
Neutral Stimuli:
Footsteps; metronome
Food dish, person who usually
delivers food, a tone
Step 2: Establish Classical Conditioning
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Trial: let neutral stimulus occur first,
then follow it with the unconditioned
stimulus (UCS).
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS): a
stimulus that naturally triggers a
response
Unconditioned response (UCR): a
response that is unlearned, or
natural, to a stimulus
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Unconditioned
stimulus (UCS):
food
Unconditioned
response (UCR):
drooling
Step 2: Establish Classical
Conditioning
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Definition of Terms
Conditioned stimulus (CS): a
previously neutral stimulus
that has, through
conditioning, acquired the
capacity to evoke a
conditioned response
Conditioned Response (CR):
a learned reaction to a
conditioned stimulus that
occurs because of previous
conditioning
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Pavlov
Pair the neural stimulus
(footsteps) with the
unconditioned stimulus (food)
several times. Soon, even if the
person creating the footsteps
does not bring food, the dog
will drool due to hearing the
footsteps alone.
Conditioned stimulus (CS):
footsteps
Conditioned Response (CR):
drooling
Another Example:
Classical Conditioning and Albert
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Ex. Loud
noise
Natural Relationship
Learned
Relationship
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Ex. Fear
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Ex. White
rat
Unnatural Relationship
Conditioned Response (CR)
Ex. fear
Step 3: Test for Conditioning

A test for classical
conditioning is to
observe whether the
neutral stimulus (now the
conditioned stimulus),
when presented alone,
elicits the conditioned
response
Applications of Classical
Conditioning
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Taste aversions
Systematic Desensitization for phobia
Addiction Recovery
Educational Theory
Advertising
Training
Establishing routines
Raising children
Other Classical Conditioning Concepts
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Generalization: when a stimulus is similar to the original CS elicits the
response to the actual CS.
EXAMPLE: Little Albert
Discrimination: when an organism learns to make a particular response to
a very specific stimuli, even though it may be similar to another stimuli
EXAMPLE: Tell the difference between the bell that’s on a schedule and a
manual ring
Extinction: CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS and the CS tends
to no longer elicit the CR
EXAMPLE: An alcoholic unpairs alcohol with fun.
Spontaneous Recovery: when the CR reappears after being extinguished
even though there is no explanation why.
EXAMPLE: A former smoker suddenly craves a cigarette.
Higher Order Conditioning
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A conditioned stimulus acts like an unconditioned
stimulus
EX. Train a dog to think of meat powder and
thereby salivate when he hears a tone. You then
start pairing a red light with the tone. Soon, the dog
will start salivating when he sees the red light.
Original CS (tone) becomes the new UCS, and the
red light becomes the new CS.
(Spiral) CC: A Wee Quiz
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Directions: Find the element of the scenario that represents each the following
terms.
UCS, UR, CS, CR, generalization, discrimination, extinction, spontaneous
recovery.
Midge goes to Disneyland looking forward to seeing her favorite characters.
Upon entering, she is surrounded by all seven dwarves and begins to panic when
she loses sight of her parents. From then on, Midge runs screaming from the room
every time her siblings put on Snow White and she sees the dwarves . The movie
reminds her that her parents could disappear. She can’t stand the appearance of
the Oompa-Loompas in Willy Wonka, either. Her parents gradually convince her
to watch Snow White and hold her hands lovingly during the movie. Midge figures
out that her family will not disappear due to the appearance of the Seven
Dwarves. She’s still afraid of Oompa-Loompas. When she turns sixteen, she walks
into her niece's room, which contains a Snow White poster. Suddenly she feels the
desire to call her mom and make sure she’s at home.