The Role of Temporal Structure in Human Vision
... two locations? The answer is no—one readily experiences compelling apparent motion, with a unitary stimulus seen to move from the initial location to the subsequent one (Anstis, 1970). These two examples, as well as others (e.g., Lappin & Bell, 1972), imply that the visual system retains very good i ...
... two locations? The answer is no—one readily experiences compelling apparent motion, with a unitary stimulus seen to move from the initial location to the subsequent one (Anstis, 1970). These two examples, as well as others (e.g., Lappin & Bell, 1972), imply that the visual system retains very good i ...
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Framework and Frontiers
... Diagrams and models seem inextricably linked with human spatial reasoning. Why? The wealth of concrete detail in such analog spatial representations at first might seem more than necessary for most spatial questions. Perhaps there are more abstract representations of shape and space which by themsel ...
... Diagrams and models seem inextricably linked with human spatial reasoning. Why? The wealth of concrete detail in such analog spatial representations at first might seem more than necessary for most spatial questions. Perhaps there are more abstract representations of shape and space which by themsel ...
melanogaster
... Schuppe and Hengstenberg, 1993). Ocellar interneurons, called L-neurons, sum information from photoreceptor outputs in each of the ocelli, and form a low-resolution image of the visual world. These large diameter neurons rapidly relay intensity information to the posterior slope, where they synapse ...
... Schuppe and Hengstenberg, 1993). Ocellar interneurons, called L-neurons, sum information from photoreceptor outputs in each of the ocelli, and form a low-resolution image of the visual world. These large diameter neurons rapidly relay intensity information to the posterior slope, where they synapse ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... association (PA) task, in which subjects are trained to memorize associations between pairs of visual stimuli. On each behavioral trial, subjects are initially presented with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must i ...
... association (PA) task, in which subjects are trained to memorize associations between pairs of visual stimuli. On each behavioral trial, subjects are initially presented with a cue stimulus (e.g., a rain cloud). The cue is followed by presentation of two choice stimuli, from which the subject must i ...
“left or right” Decision-making beyond
... representation of perceptual decisions, the left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This invites to the speculation that humans, unlike nonhuman primates, may have evolved a more abstract decisionmaking circuitry, allowing for higher flexibility between decision and action (Heekeren e ...
... representation of perceptual decisions, the left posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This invites to the speculation that humans, unlike nonhuman primates, may have evolved a more abstract decisionmaking circuitry, allowing for higher flexibility between decision and action (Heekeren e ...
Timescales of Inference in Visual Adaptation
... to different switching periods, we aligned the normalized mean currents for different switching periods at the end of the first, stereotyped component following the luminance increase (Figure 2F). The trajectories diverge from this common starting point. Thus the time constant of luminance adaptatio ...
... to different switching periods, we aligned the normalized mean currents for different switching periods at the end of the first, stereotyped component following the luminance increase (Figure 2F). The trajectories diverge from this common starting point. Thus the time constant of luminance adaptatio ...
Biologically Inspired Adaptive Dynamic Walking of the Quadruped
... receives a control signal from an motor neuron at the spinal cord. Shik[5] investigated the motion generation mechanism of a decerebrate cat and found that CPG is located in the spinal cord, and that walking motions are autonomously generated by the nervous systems below the brain stem. Although a ...
... receives a control signal from an motor neuron at the spinal cord. Shik[5] investigated the motion generation mechanism of a decerebrate cat and found that CPG is located in the spinal cord, and that walking motions are autonomously generated by the nervous systems below the brain stem. Although a ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... Wurtz et al. 1980). In one recent study, Treue and Maunsell (1996) found dramatic attentional effects in the middle temporal visual area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST)—two extrastriate areas that are specialized for processing motion information (Baker et al. 1981; Dubner and Zeki ...
... Wurtz et al. 1980). In one recent study, Treue and Maunsell (1996) found dramatic attentional effects in the middle temporal visual area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST)—two extrastriate areas that are specialized for processing motion information (Baker et al. 1981; Dubner and Zeki ...
Motor Cognition and Mental Simulation
... into motion. The researchers varied the velocity of both object A and object B. Immediately after watching a launching event, participants were asked to reproduce the velocity of object A by moving a stylus from left to right on a tablet. The researchers found that not only did the perceived speed o ...
... into motion. The researchers varied the velocity of both object A and object B. Immediately after watching a launching event, participants were asked to reproduce the velocity of object A by moving a stylus from left to right on a tablet. The researchers found that not only did the perceived speed o ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... perception of self-‐motion. In mice the majority of these vestibular nuclei neurons are sensitive to the dynamic stimulation of neck proprioceptors (Medrea and Cullen, 2013). This finding is consist ...
... perception of self-‐motion. In mice the majority of these vestibular nuclei neurons are sensitive to the dynamic stimulation of neck proprioceptors (Medrea and Cullen, 2013). This finding is consist ...
Elapsed Decision Time Affects the Weighting of Prior
... stabilize the heads of the human subjects for the duration of each experimental session; a head post was used for the same purpose for the monkeys. Stimuli were presented on a computer monitor (75 Hz frame rate) using the Psychophysics Toolbox for Matlab (Brainard, 1997). Eye position was monitored ...
... stabilize the heads of the human subjects for the duration of each experimental session; a head post was used for the same purpose for the monkeys. Stimuli were presented on a computer monitor (75 Hz frame rate) using the Psychophysics Toolbox for Matlab (Brainard, 1997). Eye position was monitored ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... traces of cellular activity are shown at the right, in which the horizontal axis represents time (2 s/trace) and each vertical line represents an action potential. This neuron responds most strongly to motion up and to the right (row D). (From Hubel & Wiesel 1968. Permission from The Physiological S ...
... traces of cellular activity are shown at the right, in which the horizontal axis represents time (2 s/trace) and each vertical line represents an action potential. This neuron responds most strongly to motion up and to the right (row D). (From Hubel & Wiesel 1968. Permission from The Physiological S ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... One striking aspect of Drosophila vision research is how simple the behavioral paradigms often are, compared with the complexity of the underlying circuits introduced above. Again, this is because initial approaches to vision were necessarily reductionist. These assays often involved fly populations ...
... One striking aspect of Drosophila vision research is how simple the behavioral paradigms often are, compared with the complexity of the underlying circuits introduced above. Again, this is because initial approaches to vision were necessarily reductionist. These assays often involved fly populations ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... be involved in the analysis of motion, it does not resolve the nature of the processing actually occurring within MT nor does it identify which specific aspects of motion analysis might be served. Motion analysis is a complex process and may be divided into distinct components such as motion detecti ...
... be involved in the analysis of motion, it does not resolve the nature of the processing actually occurring within MT nor does it identify which specific aspects of motion analysis might be served. Motion analysis is a complex process and may be divided into distinct components such as motion detecti ...
05-Intro-Vision-2
... receptive fields selective for motion direction, disparity and stimulus orientation; no selectivity for color; responses to complex motion ("pattern" motion). ...
... receptive fields selective for motion direction, disparity and stimulus orientation; no selectivity for color; responses to complex motion ("pattern" motion). ...
USC Brain Project Specific Aims
... receptive fields selective for motion direction, disparity and stimulus orientation; no selectivity for color; responses to complex motion ("pattern" motion). ...
... receptive fields selective for motion direction, disparity and stimulus orientation; no selectivity for color; responses to complex motion ("pattern" motion). ...
The Learning Perspective History and cultural context: • Origins from
... Classical conditioning: “the study of learning which involves reflex responses, in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an existing reflex response due to learning.” Pavlov found that ringing a bell and then immediately giving the dog some food, the bell came to evoke the same response as th ...
... Classical conditioning: “the study of learning which involves reflex responses, in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an existing reflex response due to learning.” Pavlov found that ringing a bell and then immediately giving the dog some food, the bell came to evoke the same response as th ...
Chapter 3
... Four Elements of Classical Conditioning US – stimulus naturally causing the response UR – the natural response to a powerful stimulus CS –a stimulus that starts out neutral but gets associated with a powerful US CR – a learned response to a CS ...
... Four Elements of Classical Conditioning US – stimulus naturally causing the response UR – the natural response to a powerful stimulus CS –a stimulus that starts out neutral but gets associated with a powerful US CR – a learned response to a CS ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
... Selection deficits caused by SC inactivation in monkeys and improved peak discrimination by switch-like responses in the OT of owls. (a) Effect of focal SC inactivation on behavioral performance by monkeys in a contrast, oddball task. The task was the same as described in Figure 2a, except that the ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... filter, situated at each successive stage. In this bottom-up “vision-as-analysis” framework, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within spatially restricted receptive fields (classical receptive fields, CRFs). They would invariably suffer t ...
... filter, situated at each successive stage. In this bottom-up “vision-as-analysis” framework, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within spatially restricted receptive fields (classical receptive fields, CRFs). They would invariably suffer t ...
Conditioned Inhibition
... Identification of CSs and USs is relative A particular event may serve as a CS relative to one stimulus and serve as a US relative to another stimulus ...
... Identification of CSs and USs is relative A particular event may serve as a CS relative to one stimulus and serve as a US relative to another stimulus ...
3D Visual Response Properties of MSTd Emerge from an Efficient
... preferring fore–aft (i.e., forward and backward) motion directions (Duffy and Wurtz, 1995), these more recent studies demonstrated that heading preferences in MSTd were distributed throughout the spherical stimulus space, and that there was a significant predominance of cells preferring lateral as o ...
... preferring fore–aft (i.e., forward and backward) motion directions (Duffy and Wurtz, 1995), these more recent studies demonstrated that heading preferences in MSTd were distributed throughout the spherical stimulus space, and that there was a significant predominance of cells preferring lateral as o ...
Directionally Selective Complex Cells and the Computation of
... that the basic energy stage of the Adelson and Bergen model is not equivalent to any stage of the Reichardt model. This difference creates an opportunity to distinguish between the models. Previously, we have applied two spatiotemporal tests to DS complex cells in the cat's striate cortex (Emerson, ...
... that the basic energy stage of the Adelson and Bergen model is not equivalent to any stage of the Reichardt model. This difference creates an opportunity to distinguish between the models. Previously, we have applied two spatiotemporal tests to DS complex cells in the cat's striate cortex (Emerson, ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Operant vs. Respondent Conditioning
... • Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned stimulus will ...
... • Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned stimulus will ...