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Download 17.Psychological Therapies
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Psychological Therapies Psychotherapy • An interaction between a trained therapist and someone suffering from psychological difficulties. Psychoanalysis Freud's therapy. •Freud used free association, hypnosis and dream interpretation to gain insight into the client’s unconscious. PSYCHOANALYSIS • Problems that one is dealing with today have their roots in the childhood years. • Goal: to help the client gain insight Psychoanalytic Methods • Psychotherapists use their techniques to overcome resistance by the client. •The psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent content) it’s underlying meaning. Transference • In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships. Humanistic Therapy • Focuses of people’s potential for selffulfillment (self-actualization). •Focus on the present and future (not the past). •Focus on conscious thoughts (not unconscious ones). •Take responsibility for you actionsinstead of blaming childhood anxieties. Most widely used Humanistic technique is: Client (Person) Centered Therapy • Developed by Carl Rogers • Therapist should use genuineness, acceptance and empathy to show unconditional positive regard towards their clients. Active Listening • Central to Roger’s client-centered therapy (the best therapist in the world is the one inside of you) •Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, restates and clarifies. Behavior Therapies (Skinner, Pavlov, Bandura) • Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. •The behaviors are the problems- so we must change the behaviors. If behaviors can be conditioned— (what behavior is being conditioned or learned below?) Classical Conditioning Techniques Then they can be-----counterconditioned! Counterconditioning: • A behavioral therapy that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors. Two Types: Systematic Desensitization • A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxietytriggering stimuli. How would I use systematic desensitization to reduce my fear of old women? Systematic Desensitization Progressive Relaxation Exposure Therapy Flooding ANXIETY HIERARCHY USED IN SYSTEMATC DESENSITIZATION Behavior Therapy Systematic Desensitization Flooding Virtual Technology Exposure Therapy Aversive Conditioning What are some ways you can change the behaviors of your friends with aversive conditioning? Aversive Conditioning • A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior. How would putting poop on the fingernails of a nail biter effect their behavior? Aversive Conditioning Operant Conditioning Token Economy: an operant conditioning procedure that rewards a desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Therapies • A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. Cognitive Therapy • Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking. Is .300 a good or bad batting average? Aaron Becks’ /Albert Ellis’ view of Depression • Noticed that depressed people were similar in the way they viewed the world. • Used cognitive therapy get people to take off the “dark sunglasses” in which they view their surroundings Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Therapy- Does It Work? Family Therapies • views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members • attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication Eclectic Approach • The most popular form of therapyit is basically a smorgasbord where the therapist combines techniques from different schools of psychology.