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Transcript
Behavior Therapy Chapter 5 The Case of Shirley 75-year-old widowed Caucasian female Court referred for therapy due to shoplifting charges Complains of recurrent obsessive thoughts about stealing Not optimistic about therapy Basic Philosophy Neutral view of human nature Emphasis on behavioral descriptions Human Motivation Primary motivation for humans is survival Behavior enables humans to get things that facilitate survival Central Constructs Classical Conditioning Unconditioned stimulus (anxiety) Unconditioned response (sweating & shaking) Conditioned stimulus (snake) Conditioned response (sweating & shaking) Central Constructs Operant Conditioning Reinforcers Positive Amy’s mother gives her a sticker when Amy finishes her homework Negative Amy’s mother lets Amy keep playing because it stops her tantrum Central Constructs Observational Learning Humans learn by watching another person perform a task and then modeling that person’s behavior Theory of the Person Primary interest is how a person has learned different behaviors No interest in personality theory No interest in developmental stages Psychological Health and Dysfunction Psychological Health Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Psychological Dysfunction Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Nature of Therapy Assessment Direct Observation Client Interview Behavior Logs Symptom Checklists Nature of Therapy Role of the client Co-therapist Learns from the counselor Role of the counselor Consultant Provides a model for the client Nature of Therapy Goals of therapy Increase adaptive behaviors Decrease maladaptive behaviors Process of Therapy Assessment Intervention Goals of initial session Counselor and client Establishment of the determine target working alliance behaviors to focus on Identify target behaviors Counselor forms Gather information about hypotheses about what what maintains the is maintaining the target behaviors client’s current Teach the client about problematic behavior(s) behavior therapy Therapeutic Techniques Relaxation Training Flooding Simple Exposure and Response Prevention Systematic Desensitization Aversive Techniques Blow-up Technique Shaping Reinforcement Therapeutic Techniques Differential Reinforcement Extinction Punishment Assertiveness Training Stimulus Control Covert Conditioning Modeling Behavioral Self-Control Evaluation Qualities Precision Testability Empirical validity Research Support Outcome research Theory-testing research Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity Pros Structure Collaborative nature of counselor/client relationship Focus on the present Active, directive, and problem focused Learning is a function of environmental factors Cons Relatively informal approach is used Interventions target the individual’s behavior No consideration for sociopolitical factors Approach to behavior is based on White, Male, European Values
