* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Civil War and Reconstruction
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Galvanized Yankees wikipedia , lookup
Second Battle of Corinth wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Texas in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of White Oak Road wikipedia , lookup
Arkansas in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Island Number Ten wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Lost Cause of the Confederacy wikipedia , lookup
Fort Fisher wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Confederate privateer wikipedia , lookup
Economy of the Confederate States of America wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Radical Republican wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Reconstruction era wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Jubal Early wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Civil War and Reconstruction U.S. History Secession, Dec. 1860 – June 1861 • Following the presidential election of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina seceded from the United States. Other states followed, and they formed the Confederate States of America. Fort Sumter, April 1861 • The first battle of the Civil War took place at Fort Sumter, South Carolina, when Confederates opened fire on the fort which held U.S. artillery. There was return fire, but it was ineffective. The fort surrendered on April 13 and was evacuated. First Battle of Bull Run • (Also known as First Manassas because of the town near it was fought) was the first confrontation between the two armies and a humiliating defeat for the Union forces. Fought only 30 miles from Washington, DC, it could have led to an invasion of the capital by Confederate forces had the southern troops been better organized. Anaconda Plan/Blockade, 18611865 • Union general Winfield Scot created a plan to limit the South's ability to trade. Called the Anaconda Plan, it called for the Union to blockade the Confederacy's coastline to keep the South from importing or exporting goods and for the Union to take control of the Mississippi to separate Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas from the eastern Confederate states. Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862 • Was the bloodiest single day of the war, halting the Confederate advance. McClellan hesitated, however, and Lee’s army slipped away to fight another day. Battle of Hampton Roads, March 1862 • Also called the Battle of Monitor and Merrimack, Union ship USS Monitor and Confederate ship CSS Virginia (it had previously been named "Merrimack") battled at Hampton Roads. The ships were both ironclad, marking the first time this kind of technology had been used in a naval battle. Emancipation Proclamation, January 1863 • Lincoln declared all slaves in Confederate states to be free. Slaves in the Union states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware were not freed, as Lincoln wanted these states to stay loyal to the Union. This proclamation changes the goal of the war to ending slavery instead of just preserving the Union. After the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect, the Union began allowing African Americans to join the army. They were assigned to segregated units and paid less than white soldiers. Battle of Vicksburg, May-July 1863 • In a series of maneuvers, General Grant and his army crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederates into the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Confederate army formed a defensive line around the city; however, Grant besieged it until the Confederates surrendered. The Union now had control of the Mississippi River. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1863 • Union leader Meade stopped the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. This battle was one of the bloodiest battles in the Civil War, with both the North and South losing thousands of soldiers. Sherman’s March to the Sea, May – Dec. 1864 • William T. Sherman made from Chattanooga, Tennessee to capturing Atlanta in September of 1864. Sherman burned the city and continued his march to the sea destroying bridges, factories, and railroad lines. Union forces cut a nearly 300 mile path of destruction across Georgia in route to the city of Savannah, which surrendered without a fight. Surrender, April 9, 1865 • Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, which officially ended the Civil War. Lincoln’s Assassination, April 14, 1865 • While at Ford’s Theater, an actor named John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln on April 14, less than a week after Lee had surrendered to Grant and ended the Civil War. Reconstruction Freedman’s Bureau, 1865 • Congress set up this bureau to assist former slaves. The bureau set up schools for African Americans and helped set up farms at which the former slaves could work. 13th Amendment, 1865 • This amendment abolished slavery in the U.S. It is known as one of the Reconstruction Amendments, which extended rights to former slaves after the Civil War. Black Codes, 1865-68 • Black codes were a series of laws passed by ex-Confederate states that restricted the rights of blacks in the South. These codes included segregation in public spaces and restrictions on blacks' rights to be free laborers, to own land and homes, and to testify in court. Civil Rights Act of 1866 • This act granted African Americans citizenship and gave them the rights to make contracts, sue, and own property. The citizenship rights of African Americans were also protected under the 14th Amendment. Reconstruction Acts, 1867 • These acts divided the former Confederate states into five military districts, except for Tennessee. Tennessee was not included in this because it had ratified the 14th amendment and had been readmitted to the Union. A general was in charge of each military district, and soldiers occupied the states. Other Reconstruction Acts included barring Confederate leaders from voting or holding office and making the Confederate states ratify the 14th Amendment before being readmitted to the Union. 14th Amendment, 1868 • This amendment, passed in 1866 and ratified in 1868, stated that all people born in the U.S., except Native Americans, were U.S. citizens. It is one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Johnson's impeachment & Tenure of Office Act, 1868 • President Johnson was impeached after removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office without the approval of Congress. This was in violation of the Tenure of Office Act, which had been passed in 1867. Johnson faced a trial in the Senate in which he was one vote short of being convicted and removed from office. 15th Amendment, 1870 • This amendment gave African American men the right to vote. It says that no citizen of the U.S. can be denied the right to vote based on race or color. It is one of the Reconstruction Amendments, along with the 13th and 14th amendments. Election of 1876 & Compromise of 1877 • In the 1876 presidential election, Democrat Samuel Tilden won the majority of the popular vote, but there was a dispute over who won the electoral votes in several states. A committee decided that Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won those electoral votes, and he was elected president. The Democrats said they would accept Hayes as president if federal troops were removed from the South. This agreement is known as the Compromise of 1877, and it was the official end of Reconstruction. Jim Crow Laws, 1880s • These were laws that segregated blacks from whites. They began to appear in the 1880s, after Reconstruction had officially ended. The laws forced blacks to sit on separate areas on trains and attend different schools than whites did, along with having many other effects on daily life. Grandfather clause, 1895 • This clause was added to many Southern states' voting laws to keep African Americans from voting. Many Southern states required voters to pay poll taxes or pass literacy tests, but this clause stated that a person could vote anyway if he or his ancestors had the right to vote as of January 1, 1867. Because African Americans did not have the right to vote until after 1867, the clause allowed poor or illiterate whites to vote while still keeping the vote from blacks. Carpetbagger • a Northerner who came to the South in the Reconstruction period and carried bags made out of carpet material. Most of them were interested in making money in the areas that needed to be rebuilt, but some wanted to help the newly freed slaves. Ku Klux Klan • a group of white supremacists who wanted to keep white control of the South and did not want African Americans to vote or hold office. They threatened African Americans with violence to keep them from voting. Radical Republicans • a group of Republicans who supported punishing the Confederate states. Radical Republicans wanted to force the majority of white males in the Confederate states to take an oath to the U.S. and to exclude anyone who had served in the Confederate government or army from participating in new government. Radical Republicans also wanted to take land away from Southern plantation owners and distribute it among the newly-freed slaves. Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania was one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans. Presidential Reconstruction • refers to the policies favored by Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson in allowing the Confederate states back into the Union. Johnson wished to pardon anyone in the Confederacy who swore an oath of loyalty to the United States. Johnson's policies were much more lenient than those of the Radical Republicans. Scalawag • a Southern white who helped in the Reconstruction effort. Some Southerners viewed scalawags as traitors to the South. Sharecropper • a person who grew crops on land owned by someone else and gave the landlord (owner of the land) a share of the crop to pay for expenses. Many of these people were freed slaves who could not afford to buy their own land. Tenant farmers are similar to sharecroppers, except they may pay their rent in cash. Solid South • the states of the Southern U.S. that traditionally supported the Democratic Party after the Civil War. By 1876, only three Southern states (Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana) were under Federal occupation and Republican rule.