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Unit 10, Lecture 5
Civil War Continues
Mr. Smith
February 27th & 28th, 2012
8th grade U.S. History
Response to the Proclamation
• Once issued, many praised Lincoln for doing so
• Some thought he should have done more
– Free all enslaved persons, including those in the
border states
• Northern Democrats were enraged claiming it
would prolong the war by angering the South
• Most Union soldiers welcomed emancipation
African-American Soldiers
• The Emancipation Proclamation didn’t just free
enslaved people in the South
– It also allowed African-American men the opportunity
to fight for the Union
• By war’s end, there were 180,000 black soldier
enlisted in the Army
• Organized in all-black regiments with a white
officer
– Usually received the worst jobs
– Paid less than white soldiers
– Generally, exhibited more pride than other units on a
day-in-day-out basis
The 54th Massachusetts
• A unit that insisted on fighting without pay
– Many units insisted on fighting for free rather
than less pay than their white counterparts
• Earned a place in history in July 1863
when they led a historic attack on Fort
Wagner
• Southerners would not take African
American soldiers prisoner, so they were
generally shot to death or enslaved
The Battle of Gettysburg
• July 1st through 3rd, 1863
• Three day battle between 90,000 Union
troops and 75,000 Confederates
• Turning point happened on July 3rd when
Lee ordered General George Picket to
mount a direct attack on the middle of the
Union line.
– Would turn out to be a devastating mistake
– Pickett’s Charge was torn to pieces
The Battle of Gettysburg (CONT)
• Confederates retreated
• Again, the Union did not
pursue
– Lincoln, once again,
furious over this
• Considered to be the
‘turning point’ of the war
• Lee lost over 1/3 of his
men in this battle
The Siege of Vicksburg
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July 4, 1863
Headed by Ulysses S. Grant
Last major stronghold on Mississippi River
Initially attacks failed, so Grant surrounded
city…not allowing anything in or out
– The city ate mules, dogs, and even rats
• After a month and a half they surrendered
• North has control of the Mississippi = the South
is split in two
Sherman’s Total War
• March 1864 – Grant named commander of all
Union armies
• Grant would pursue Lee in Virginia and Sherman
push through the Deep South to Atlanta.
• Starting in Tennessee, Sherman waged total war
– Destroyed railroad line, destroyed crops, burned
towns
• Path of destruction was 60 miles wide and 300
miles long
• Northerners could sense victory