Download Chapter 11-4: The War Continues

The War Continues
The Main Idea
Important fighting occurred in all sections of the country as
well as at sea.
Reading Focus
• In what ways was the war at sea an important part of the Civil
War?
• What were each side’s goals in the West and how were events
there influenced by the rest of the war?
• What three major battles took place in 1863, and why was each
important?
• Why was the fighting around Chattanooga, Tennessee, important
to the outcome of the war?
The Civil War at Sea
Blockade
Runners
• Boats built for speed that brought cotton out and
silk, soap, pepper, and other goods into the
Confederacy
• Confederates hoped to destroy the Union
blockade with a captured Union ironclad ship, the
The Monitor
Merrimack, rebuilt and renamed the Virginia.
and the
• Union attacked with new vessel, the Monitor. The
Merrimac
first battle between ironclads had no winner, but
it changed naval warfare.
Confederate
Raiders
• Confederates used unconventional tactics to
combat stronger Union navy.
• Had 29 commerce raider ships roaming the
oceans, successfully attacking Union merchant
ships and disrupting the North’s foreign trade
The War in the West
• California and the territories
– Kansas was admitted as a free state in 1861, and six more
western territories were added. Lincoln appointed pro-Union
officials to head the governments.
– The draft was not enforced in the West, but California supplied
volunteers and territorial mines provided vast amounts of gold
and silver.
– The Battle of Glorieta Pass secured the west for the Union.
• Native Americans and the war
– War divided the Cherokee and the other nations over the
issues of loyalty and slavery, and they fought on both sides.
– Cherokee leader Stand Watie was the last Confederate
general to surrender at war’s end.
Three Major Battles
Battle of Chancellorsville
• General Joseph Hooker was in
command of Union army.
• Lee sent Stonewall Jackson in a
surprise attack, nearly destroying
the Union army on the first day.
• Battle was General Lee’s greatest
victory, defeating a force twice
its size. Lee determined to invade
the North again, hoping a victory
there would end the war.
• Lee marched north, and Lincoln
replaced Hooker with General
George Meade.
• Confederates on the lookout for a
rumored shoe supply skirmished
with Union cavalry.
The Battle of Gettysburg
• July 1, 1863• both sides rushed troops to
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
• Overconfident after his great
victory, Lee pushed his troops
into battle here against the
advice of James Longstreet.
Three Major Battles
The Battle of Gettysburg
• July 2, 1863
– Some of the bloodiest
fighting of the entire war
The Battle of Gettysburg
• July 3, 1863
– Union at Cemetery Ridge
– Confederates on Seminary
Ridge
– Open field in between
– Half the men in Pickett’s
Charge perished, and Lee
finally gave up the fight and
retreated back to Virginia.
Three Major Battles
The Gettysburg Address
• Given by President Lincoln at
the dedication of the Union
cemetery.
• Reminded America why we
were fighting and was a
profound statement of
American ideals
• P. 386
The Siege of Vicksburg
• General Grant began the Union
siege of Vicksburg in May 1863.
• With constant shelling of the city,
citizens were forced to dig into
hillsides to try to escape the
barrage.
• After forty-eight days, the city
surrendered. Four days later the
last Confederate fort on the
Mississippi surrendered as well.
The Chattanooga Campaign
The string of Confederate losses ended with Braxton Bragg’s
victory at the Battle of Chickamauga. But the retreating
Union army discovered the road to Chattanooga had been
left unprotected, and they fled to the city.
Bragg pursued, but the Union soldiers were ready to defend
the city. Confederate troops prepared to starve them out.
Grant arrived and opened a supply line to feed the trapped
Union troops. The siege ended, and the Union won the two
battles that followed. This gave the Union control of the
railroad center at Chattanooga and would allow Grant
access to Georgia, the heart of the Lower South.