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The Civil War
Union: President – Abe Lincoln
Generals – Grant, McClellan, Sherman
Confederacy: President – Jefferson Davis
Generals – Lee, Jackson
Secession: 1860
Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th
president
 Soon after, South Carolina seceded from the
Union
 Six others followed: Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and TEXAS
 Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and
Maryland had slavery, but stayed in the
United States

Secession

Soon, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and
Virginia joined the Confederate States of America

First Shots: Ft. Sumter
On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate,
troops fired the first shots on Yankee, or
Union, troops stationed at Fort Sumter,
South Carolina
 The Civil War had begun!
 Over the next four years, 600,000
Americans would die

Their Names

Name the 3 names for the South army:
– Confederacy
– Rebel
– South

Name the 3 names for the North army:
– Union
– Yankees
– North
Advantages
Union Advantages
Population = More
Soldiers
More Supplies
Inspired by the loss of
men
War did not take place at
their home
Confederate
Advantages
Better General
Better Knowledge of the
Land
Inspired to win
First Manassas/First Bull Run



July 21, 1861: The First Battle of Bull Run
(Union name) or First Manassas (Southern name),
fought just outside Washington D.C.
Northerners took picnic lunches to a hill
overlooking the battlefield, thinking the Union
would win very quickly
Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson led
Confederate soldiers to drive back the Union
troops and claimed victory
First Manassas

The Confederate troops could have kept on and
captured Washington D.C., but they stopped to
celebrate the victory
The Anaconda Plan: The
Union’s plan for winning the war
1.
Blockade Southern Ports: cut off trade of
cotton and delivery of supplies
2.
Control the Mississippi River: this would cut
the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana
would be cut off from everyone)
3.
4.
Capture the capital of Richmond, VA: and
force the government to surrender
Squeeze and trap the Confederate army
from the West and the North (see map)
Anaconda Plan to take over
Confederacy

Battle of Antietam (Maryland)
Sept. 17, 1861, Confederate General Robert
E. Lee wanted to cut off Washington D.C.
from the rest of the Union
 This was one of only 2 battles fought in
North, and the bloodiest one day battle on
the war
 Neither side won, but Lee had to retreat to
protect his supply lines down south

Predict….

What are your predictions for the
following? Explain.
– What will happen to/in the North?
– What will happen to/in the South?
– How will this war effect the
economic/social/political/environmental
future of the United States?
Emancipation Proclamation
Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting,
Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
 This document freed the slaves

in the Confederacy

Turning Point: Vicksburg




Vicksburg, Mississippi was the major point in
controlling the Mississippi River, very important
for the Confederacy
May 22, 1863: Union’s Gen. Grant laid siege to
the city for months, but the Confederates wouldn’t
give up
The Rebel army were starving and forced to eat
rats, and melted down everything to make bullets
and cannonballs
July 4, 1863: Confederates surrendered, and the
Union controlled the Mississippi
The Confederate’s Alamo

Just like the Battle of the Alamo, the army
at Vicksburg held off a bigger army, this
time for more than a month
Turning Point: Gettysburg




While Vicksburg was falling, Gen. Robert E. Lee
wanted to attack the North in Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania
Lee sent wave after wave of soldiers at the Union,
but kept getting shot down
52,000 men were killed over 3 days
“The beginning of the end” for the Confederacy:
they lost their best and brightest in Vicksburg and
Gettysburg, and would never again attack the
North
The fall of Atlanta

While fighting was
going on in Virginia,
Union general William
T. Sherman marched
through the state of
Georgia and took over
the biggest
Confederate city,
Atlanta

Richmond, VA vs. Washington D.C.



In 1864, Union’s Grant and Confederate’s
Lee fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles
between these two capital cities
After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant
captured and burned Confederate capital
of Richmond, VA (March, 1865)
The Rebels had little chance of winning:
–
They were running out of food, weapons,
ammunition, and medicine for the wounded
Appomattox Courthouse: END!


After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his
soldiers fled to the mountains
On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in
Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses
Grant
Lincoln Assassinated


During the war there
were many attempts
on his life
On April 15th, 1865*,
while he was at a play,
John Wilkes Booth
was finally successful
Last “Battle” of the Civil War
The last battle of the Civil War was fought
at Palmito Ranch, Texas on May 12, 1865
 This was one month after Lee surrendered
at Appomattox and the war ended
 Confederates won!
 But it didn’t count

Reflection
What was Lincoln’s role throughout the
war? Be specific.
 Give examples of how each side suffered
economically and socially.
 What should the United States do to recover
from this war?
