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People and Strategies of the Civil War Abraham Lincoln President of the United States (Union) during the Civil War. He was willing to go to war to keep America together. Abraham Lincoln He issued the Emancipation Proclamation. He was assassinated 5 days after Lee surrendered. Ulysses S. Grant Union (north) General during the Civil War. He was victorious in many battles in the West. He won the battle of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. Ulysses S. Grant He was given command of all the Union troops in March of 1864 by President Lincoln. He defeated Lee in Virginia and he accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America. He was a former senator from Mississippi. His task was to form a new government and fight a war at the same time. Robert E. Lee Confederate (south) General during the Civil War. He was a very well respected General in both the North and the South. Robert E. Lee He was the commander of all the Confederate troops. He won several early victories and forced the Union out of Virginia. Military Strategy Confederate Strategy As the war started the Confederacy took a defensive position. They did not want to conquer the North. They simply wanted the North to leave them alone. Confederate Strategy The South hoped that the North would soon grow tired of the war and recognize their independence. The South also planed to use Cotton as a means to get assistance. Confederate Strategy They hoped European nations would give them assistance because cotton was such an important trade good. Europe stayed out of the war. Confederate Strategy As the war grew on, the South changed their strategy and started to attack in the north to try to weaken the northern morale. Union Strategy The North wanted to force the Confederacy back into the union. They developed a strategy called the Anaconda Plan. It called for a naval blockade of the Southern coastline. Union Strategy This would prevent the south from transporting goods into or out of its ports. The plan also called for the Union to seize control of the Mississippi River. This would split the Confederacy into two parts. Union Strategy Total War – Union strategy to attack not just enemy troops but anything and everything that could help the war effort. Union Strategy Troops destroyed rail lines Destroyed crops and livestock Burned and looted towns and homes. Strength and Weaknesses The union had a huge advantage in manpower and resources. Strength and Weaknesses North 22 million people 85% of factories South 9 million (3.5 million were slaves) 15% of factories Strength and Weaknesses Other advantages of the North: 1. more than double the railroad lines. 2. majority of the naval power and shipyards. Strength and Weaknesses Advantages of the South: 1. better generals in the beginning of the war. 2. fighting a defensive war 3. supply lines were not as long.