Download Women in the Civil War

Chapter 18
Section 4 & 5
Painting of the Surrender at
Appomattox Courthouse
1865
Wartime Government
• Both Union and
Confederate leaders
increased their powers
during the civil war.
• A faction of Northern
Democrats, called (1)
Peace Democrats, or
copperheads, opposed
the war and called for its
immediate end.
1864 Copperhead
Campaign Poster
Cartoon Democratic
Copperheads in 1864
Wartime Government
• Lincoln silenced his opposition by denying them
use of (2) mail and by sending the army to shut
down newspapers. Lincoln also suspended the
right of habeas corpus.
• Southerners supported States’ Rights
and many refused to pay (3) taxes to
a federal government.
Confederate “White House”
Raising Armies
• At the beginning of the war
each side depended upon
volunteers for soldiers, but
by the end of the war both
enforced (4) conscription, or
a draft.
• In the North, a man could
excuse himself by (5)
paying $300 or by hiring a
substitute.
• Opposition to the draft led to
(6) riots.
Buy Your Way Out of
Military Service
Recruiting Irish Immigrants
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
Wartime Economics
• The North paid for the • The South also tried to
war by collecting (7)
print paper money, but this
taxes and by issuing
drastically (8) increased
paper money.
the cost of goods.
Inflation in the South
Resources: North & the South
• The South lacked the
(9) industrial capacity
to provide some
necessities to
Confederate Soldiers.
Wartime Conditions
• Soldiers from both North and South suffered
diseases and death during the Civil War. More
than half of those who died during the Civil War
died of (10) disease and not from battle injuries.
Women in the Civil War
• Many women volunteered to care for the dying
and wounded during the war. (11) Dorothea Dix
(who founded the mental institutions) supervised
all the female nurses for the Union army.
Dorothea Dix Hospital
Dorothea Dix
Women in the Civil War
• (11) Sojourner Truth (former slave and leader in
the anti-slavery movement) worked as a nurse
and cared for free slaves.
Women in the Civil War
• (11) Clara Barton served in numerous Union
field hospitals and later founded the American
Red Cross.
Women in the Civil War
• (11) Mary Ann Bickerdyke became a well known
and resourceful battlefield nurse building 300
hospitals and aiding on 19 battlefields including
the Battle of Shiloh and Sherman’s March.
Women in the Civil War
• Belle Boyd served as one of the most famous
Confederate spies during the Civil War before
becoming an actor. Boyd was instrumental in
Stonewall Jackson’s success at Fort Royal and
was awarded the Southern Cross of Honor.
Women in the Civil War
• Women also dressed as men and fought in the
war. 19 year-old Albert Cashier dressed as a
man and fought in about 40 battles over four
years. In 1913, a surgeon discovered she was a
women. She had lived her entire adult life as a
man.
Mary Livermore
Women in the Civil War
• Women worked to manufacture arms,
ammunition, uniforms, and other supplies for the
soldiers. Prior to its destruction, women in the
Fayetteville arsenal made some 900,000 rounds
of small arms munitions in 1864.
Wearing Down the South
• On March 9, 1864, Lincoln placed Ulysses Grant
in charge of the Union armies. Grant planned to
wage a (1) total war in which citizens would be
targeted as well as soldiers.
Ulysses S. Grant
Shenandoah Valley
• Grant ordered (2) Philip Henry Sheridan to
devastate the area of Shenandoah Valley so
completely that “a crow flying over the area
would need to carry its own rations.”
Philip Sheridan
March to the Sea
• In May 1864, General (3) William Tecumseh
Sherman begins his famous march across
Georgia to Savannah. He destroys everything a
sixty-mile wide path making him the most hated
man in the South.
• After burning Savannah, Sherman heads north
to destroy (4) Charleston.
Burning of Atlanta, Georgia
Sherman’s March to the Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
Atlanta Georgia, the shell of buildings that were burned down by
General Sherman.
The South did not recover from Sherman’s March to the Sea
until the 1950s.
“Do you want General Sherman to find you awake?” was a
common way to get children in Georgia to go to bed when they
didn’t want to.
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R or
(5) Union party)
(6) George McClellan
(Democratic Party)
Presidential Election
Results: 1864
(7) Abraham
Lincoln won the
election even
though many
believed he
could not win
after so many
years of war.
Grant Vs. Lee
• Grant took his army of 155,000 men (2X that of
Lee’s) and headed directly towards Richmond in
hopes of engaging Lee.
• Lee attacks Grant three times defeating him at
the battles of the (8) Wilderness, Spotsylvania
Court House, and
Cold Harbor.
• Lee expected Grant
to retreat like others
had after being
defeated, but Grant
refused to admit
defeat.
Grant Vs. Lee
• Grant reached Petersburg, VA where Lee dug in
his army to protect the (9) railroads supplied
Richmond. Grant decides to lay (10) siege for
nine months to Lee’s army and both sides
suffered severe loses.
Trench used by Rebels
Petersburg, VA – The Crater
• General Burnsides plan: Over 15,000 troops filled
and surrounded the crater that formed when the Union
Army exploded the 8,000 pounds of gunpowder at the
end of the tunnel. The crater that was left was 170 feet
long, 60 to 80 feet wide, and 30 feet deep.
Petersburg, VA – The Crater
The Crater
• Several hundred Confederate soldiers are killed in the blast but
the Union army takes ten minutes to attack and climb into the
crater with no way of getting out. The rebels quickly
counterattack and drive the Yankees back. Grant writes “It was
the saddest affair I have witnessed in the war” and relieves
Burnside of command.
The Crater scene from the film
Cold Mountain 2003.
· On April 2, 1865, Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captured
Richmond, VA, the Confederate capital.
Surrender at Appomattox
• After the fall of Richmond Lee retreats westward
to (11) Appomattox Court House where he
surrenders to Grant. Lee allowed the Rebels to
keep their (12) horses, weapons, and a day’s
rations. The Civil War had come to a close (13)
April 9, 1865.
Grant shaking hands with Lee
Lincoln Assassinated
• On April 14, 1865, (14) five days after Lee’s
surrender, Abraham Lincoln is assassinated at
Ford Theatre by John Wilkes Booth.
John Wilkes Booth
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
Lincoln’s Death