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“Reconstruction” Rebuilding the Nation After the Civil War Chapter 16 Reconstruction occurred after the Civil War was over in 1865 Gradually the Southern states were brought back into the Union – One by One … Difficulties During Reconstruction The South lay in ruins Money was scarce Freed slaves were without food and shelter Still North/South differences Bitterness on both sides “Juneteenth” June 19th 1865 General Gordon Granger Galveston Celebrated 1st news of freedom Reconstruction Union troops occupied the South 50,000 Union troops were stationed in Texas Lincoln had wanted to be soft-hearted and kind toward the defeated South … … He thought the South had never really left the Union … Andrew Johnson Followed Lincoln’s plan … A provisional government was set up in each state The provisional government would govern until the state was readmitted to the Union Each state must prohibit slavery and nullify its previous secession Southern citizens should take a new Oath of Allegiance to the United States Some people would need a special Presidential pardon … Each state would need to write a NEW State Constitution The Freedman’s Bureau Federal Agency for freed slaves Helped homeless Helped poor Jobs Food and clothing Public Schools Oath of Allegiance to the Union BUT, Southern leaders in Texas refused to ratify the 13th and 14 Amendments … So, there is a DELAY 13th Amendment - abolished slavery 14th Amendment - granted citizenship to former slaves Black Codes No vote No court testimony No service on a jury Job limitations; mainly only farmers They were offensive laws Poor Sharecroppers Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land. Radical Republicans in Congress Disagreed with plans of Johnson and Lincoln Strict standards for re-admittance Stronger protections for Blacks in the South General Sheridan In control of Texas General Sheridan & Rienzi Washington & Lee College Lexington, Virginia “Scalawags” and “Carpetbaggers” Scalawags – Southern whites who supported Reconstruction Carpetbaggers – Northerners who came to the South looking for work; brought possessions with them in “carpeted” bags (bags made of thick fabric) Ku Klux Klan A “hate group” formed during Reconstruction Used violence and threats to prevent AfricanAmericans from voting Whipped and hanged Blacks who tried to assert their rights The New Radical Republican Congress quickly ratified the 14th and 15 Amendments for African-Americans 1874 – Reconstruction ended in Texas Elsewhere in the U.S., it concluded around 1877