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Transcript
A Nation Divided The Eve of War (Take notes on the following slides) Names for Sides • North • Union • United States of America • Federals • U.S.A • South • Confederacy • Confederate States of America • CSA Flag • North • Stars and Stripes • South • Stars and Bars • Separate Battle & State Flags Population • North • 22,350,000 • South • 9,100,000 • 3,900,000 were slaves Industries • North • 92% of the Nation’s Industries were in the North • South • Very little industrial development, mostly an agrarian (farming) economy Railroads Mileage • North • 75% of the nation’s RR track were in the North • South • Significantly fewer railroads were in the South Financial Resources • North • Had 75% of the nation’s wealth • Banking • Manufacturing • Shipping • South • Most of the wealth was in land and slaves Leadership • North • Abraham Lincoln • Had extensive experience as a lawyer • Limited experience in Congress • No military experience • South • Jefferson Davis • Had been senator from Miss. • Secretary of war • Military experience during the Mexican War Generals • North • Most were West Point graduates • Few union generals were effective in leading Unions armies until U.S. Grant’s rise during 1862-1864 • South • General Robert E. Lee • Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage • Brilliant, bold military leaders from • Virginia Military Institute (VMI) • West Point • Other academies Strategies • North • Bring the South back into the Union ASAP • Never recognize the South’s independence or its “right” to leave the Union • Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan) Strategies • South • Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the will to fight • Stress how secession is same thing as the 13 colonies pulling out of the British empire in 1776 • Capture Washington, D.C. Capital • North • Washington, D.C. • South • Montgomery, Alabama for awhile • Richmond, Virginia Naval Power • North • Large navy which grew even larger as the war progressed • South • Virtually no navy at the start of the war Cause for Fighting • North • To preserve the Union at first • Later the emancipation (freeing) of the slaves • South • To gain independence • To save the “Southern Way of Life” including slavery • States Rights Names for troops • North • • • • Federals Yanks Billy Yanks Yankees • • • • • • Rebels Rebs Confederates Graybacks Butternuts Johnnies • South Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • North • Battles fought away from home Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • North • Battles fought away from home • Less skills in the military arts Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • North • Battles fought away from home • Less skills in the military arts • Thousands of immigrants fighting for no purpose that made sense to them Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • North • Battles fought away from home • Less skills in the military arts • Thousands of immigrants fighting for no purpose that made sense to them • Farm acreage • 65% of crops were wheat and corn Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • North • Battles fought away from home • Less skills in the military arts • Thousands of immigrants fighting for no purpose that made sense to them • Farm acreage • 65% of crops were wheat and corn • Divided politically Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • South • Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • South • Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life • Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • South • Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life • Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents • Military tradition- nearly every male citizen skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • South • Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life • Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents • Military tradition- nearly every male citizen skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully • Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) • South • Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life • Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents • Military tradition- nearly every male citizen skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully • Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society • Strong military tradition-Many Army and Navy officers were recruited Civil War Video @ 29:20 minutes into video #2