Download US History Chapter 12- Reconstruction all 3 sections

WARM UP
Copy the Terms &
Names page 376
(section 1 – The Politics
of Reconstruction) into
your notebooks with
definitions or
explanations:
Andrew Johnson
Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens
Wade-Davis Bill
Freedmen’s Bureau
Black codes
Fourteenth
Amendment
Impeach
Fifteenth Amendment
• Homework for next class
Define the Following
• Scalawag
• Carpetbagger
• Hiram Revels
• Sharecropping
• Tenant Farming
• Read pages 383-392
• Section 2 – Reconstructing
Society
Reconstruction and Its Effects
Chapter 12
A New Era
•
•
Andrew Johnson became President
after the death of Lincoln. Johnson
was from Tennessee.
As President, Johnson faced two large
issues:
1. Punish or pardon former confederate
2. How to bring the defeated Confederate states
back to the Union.
Reconstruction
• Reconstruction - the period during
which the US began to rebuild after the
Civil War which lasted from 1865-1877.
Also the time in which the Federal
Government readmitted the
Confederate States.
Lincoln’s Plan
• Lincoln believed that secession was constitutionally
impossible and therefore that the Confederate states
never left the Union. Lincoln wished to make the
South’s return to the Union as quick and easy as
possible.
• Ten-Percent Plan - The Government would pardon
all Confederates-expect high-ranking Confederate
officials and those accused of crimes against
prisoners of war - who would swear their allegiance
to the Union. After 10% of those on the 1860 voting
list took this oath of allegiance, a Confederate state
could form a new government and gain
representation in Congress.
Radical Republicans
• Wanted to destroy the political power of
former slaveholders. They wanted
African Americans to be given full
citizenship and the right to vote.
• Thaddeus Stevens – a representative
of Pennsylvania wanted to destroy the
power of former slaveholders.
Wade-David Bill – pushed by
the Radicals responding to the
Ten-Percent Plan proposed
that Congress, not the
President, be responsible for
Reconstruction. Lincoln used
the “pocket veto” to kill the bill.
Johnson’s Plan
•
To most individual’s dismay, Johnson
continued Lincoln’s polices. The
following states, Al, Ga, Fl, Ms, Nc,
Sc, and Texas, could rejoin the Union
if they meet the following conditions:
– Withdraw its secession
– Swear its allegiance to the Union
– Annul Confederate war debts, and ratify the 13th
amendment, which abolished slavery
Continued….
• Johnson supported states right over a
strong central government, which the
Southern states liked. Although
Johnson supported abolition, he did not
favor former slaves having the right to
vote.
• Johnson believed “ White men alone must
mange the south.”
Civil Rights Act of 1866
• Gave African Americans citizenship and
forbade states from passing
discriminatory laws, know as black
codes.
• Black Codes- severely restricted
African American lives; Prohibited
• Blacks from carrying weapons, serving on
juries, testifying against whites, marring whites.
Major Reconstruction
Legislation 1865-1870
Legislation
Provisions
Freedmen’s
Bureau Acts
Offered assistance, such as medical aid and education, to
freed slaves and war refugees
Civil Rights Act
of 1866
Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to
African Americans
14th Amend
Makes all persons “born or naturalized in the US” citizens;
Reconstruction
Act 1867
Abolished governments formed in the former Confederate
states, divided those states into five military districts, setup
requirements for readmission to the Union.
15th Amend
States that no one can be kept from voting because of “race,
color, or previous condition of servitude.
Enforcement Act
Protected the voting right of African Americans and gave the
federal government power to enforce the 15th amendment.
Conditions in the Postwar
South
• Since most of the Civil War was fought on the
South’s soil, Southern States had a lot to
reconstruct.
• Sherman estimated his troops alone
destroyed about 100 million dollars of
Confederate property.
• Per Capita among white individuals dropped
from $18,000-$3,000
• 1/5th of the adult white males died in the war.
Public Works Program
• The Republic government build roads,
bridges, and railroads and established
orphanages and institutions for the care
of the mentally ill and disabled. First
public school system
• To raise money for these projects, the
federal government had to raise taxes in
the southern states.
END-OF-COURSE TEST PRACTICE
WHICH AMENDMENT BECAME PART OF THE
CONSTITUTION BECAUSE CONGRESS FEARED
THAT SOUTHERN WHITES MIGHT TRY TO KEEP
AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM VOTING?
A. THIRTEENTH
B. FOURTEENTH
C. FIFTEENTH
D. SIXTEENTH
Short Quiz
Select the term or name that best completes the sentence.
*black codes *Whigs *Republicans * Civil Rights Act
*Democrats *tough *lenient *Tenure of Office Act * Ten Percent
Plan
1. The House of Representatives impeached President Johnson
for his violation of the________________________________.
2. The strong showing by ____________________ in the
congressional elections of 1866 helped pave the way for
Congressional Reconstruction.
3. The Fourteenth Amendments provided a constitutional basis for
the __________________________________.
4. _________________________ were laws that in effect restored
many of the restrictions of slavery to African Americans after the
Civil War.
5. The goal of Abraham Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was to
be as _______________ as possible on the South.
WARM UP
Analyzing Political Cartoons
(page 385)
complete “skillbuilder”
SKILLBUILDER ANSWERS
1. Schurz is shown in a negative light; he is
depicted as a grim and intense intruder. His
clenched fist expresses his greed
2. In order to show that the Southerners
consider Schurz an unwelcome outsider
Section 2Reconstructing Society

By 1870 all of the former Confederate states
had re-entered the Union.
 However, the Republicans did not want to
end Reconstruction because they wanted to
make economic changes.
 Because the majority of fighting had occurred
in the South most farms and plantations had
been destroyed and the new gov’ts faced the
difficult task of rebuilding properties and lives.
 Republican
gov’ts started massive
public works programs to help the
Southern people.
 Some of the projects included rebuilding
roads, bridges, and railroads and setting
up orphanages and hospitals.
 They also est’d the first public school
systems across the South.
 These
programs were extremely
expensive, however.
 $$ was scarce in the South. In order to
pay for the programs taxes were
increased and new ones were created.
A Scalawag was a Democrats term for
a white Southerner who joined the
Republican Party after the Civil War
 Many scalawags believed the
Republican Party offered the best
chances to improve the South while at
the same time helping themselves to
become rich


The Democrats also gave the name
carpetbagger to Northerners who moved
South after the war.
 Many believed the carpetbaggers wanted to
exploit the South for profit.
 Some felt they had a moral duty to help the
South, some wanted to buy land or open
business, and others were dishonest
business people.
 During
Reconstruction, AfrAmer males
gained the right to vote and belonged
mainly to the R.party.
 AfrAmer had many new decisions to
make for themselves and looked
forward to new opportunities.
 Many ex-slaves moved to the cities
looking for work and family members.

Some of the first churches, schools, and
universities were started for AfrAmer.
 Many also became involved in politics at all
levels of gov’t.
 Hiram Revels was the 1st AfrAmer Senator in
the US.
 Many of the black codes had been repealed,
but segregation was still common in the North
and South.
 During
the war, General Sherman had
promised 40 acres and a mule to any
AfrAmer that joined the Union Army.
 Many freed slaves settled in areas of
GA and SC that had been abandoned.
 After the war, however, Pres. Johnson
allowed the original owners to re-claim
their land.

The Southern Homestead Act of 1866 set
aside 44m acres for freed slaves, but most of
the land was swampy.
 Most homesteaders lacked the resources
necessary to farm.
 In the system of sharecropping landowners
divided their land and gave each worker a
few acres, seed, and tools.
 After the crops were harvested the owner
would receive half.
 Tenant
farmers were sharecroppers
who were able to make some extra $$
to buy their own equipment.
 They would rent land until they could
eventually buy their own.
 Farmers soon realized that cotton was
no longer “king” in the South and they
had to diversify in order to make $$.
GROUPS
 1.
Write a journal entry from the point of a
Southerner in 1865
 2. Create a voting handbook outline for
new voters
 3. Write a magazine article on the
meaning of freedom
 4. Write and perform a short scene from
a play
 5. Write a brief report analyzing
Reconstruction Land Reform
SEE HANDOUT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
WARM UP
Copy the Terms & Names page 393 (section 3
– The Collapse of Reconstruction) into your
notebooks with definitions or explanations:
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
panic of 1873
redemption
Rutherford B. hayes
Samuel J. Tilden
Compromise of 1877
home rule

1.
2.
3.
4.
The goals of the KKK included:
Destroy the R.party
Get rid of Reconstruction gov’ts
Restore white supremacy
Keep AfrAmer from exercising rights
(especially politically and
economically)
 The
KKK also attacked some white
Southerners because of their proAfrAmer views.
 During 1870-71 Congress passed the
Enforcement Acts to protect
Southerners and prevent attacks.
 Although legislation was limited, it did
lead to decreased KKK activity.
Scandals and Money Crises
Hurt Republicans

As Southern Republicans tried to maintain
power, political corruption weakened the
party.
 Pres.Grant’s administration was plagued by
scandals and corruption.
 Grant himself was not involved, but several of
his officials were corrupt and impeached.
 In 1872 the R.party split. The Liberal
Republicans wanted an “honest gov’t”
 Despite
the split, corruption continued in
Grant’s administration.
 Officials were accused of accepting
bribes, bribing others, using federal $$
for themselves, etc.

In 1873 one of the largest banking firms in the
country went bankrupt, causing the Panic of
1873.
 Smaller banks closed and the stock market
temporarily collapsed.
 The panic triggered a 5 year economic
depression across the country.
 It also caused a debate over the nation’s
currency-gold standard vs. greenbacks
 The
Supreme Court also passed
decisions that undermined the 14th and
15th Amendments.
 As the SC rejected Reconstruction
policies, Northern voters began to focus
more on nat’l issues than events in the
South.
 R.party also began to back off.

Throughout all of this, Democrats began to
regain control in the South and they called
this redemption.
 During the Election of 1876 the R.party
nominated Rutherford B. Hayes and the
D.party nominated Samuel Tilden.
 Tilden won the popular vote, but Hayes won
the Electoral College vote and became the
next President.

The Compromise of 1877 brought an official
end to Reconstruction in the South. In a
series of congressional measures under
which the Democrats agreed to accept the
Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes as
president, even though he lost the popular
vote. The measures included a withdrawal of
federal troops from Southern states, federal
money for improving infrastructure, and the
appointment of a conservative Southern
cabinet member.
 After
the election the D.party created
home rule where state gov’ts could run
without federal intervention.
 The Democrat “Redeemers” said they
would rescue the South from rule by
Northerners, Republicans, and AfrAmer.
 The
Redeemers undid many of the
social programs and public works
projects that the R.party had created.
 Was Reconstruction a success OR a
failure?? You decide.
 Look at p.400 Point-Counterpoint
PRIMARY SOURCES
 YOU
WILL BE GIVEN FOUR
PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS TO
ANALYZE.
 ANSWER ALL 3 QUESTIONS ON
EACH SHEET