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The Civil War (1861-1865) Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School. Marietta, GA North vs. South in 1861 North South Advantages ? ? Disadvantages ? ? North’s Advantages 1. Population: 1860 31 million lived in U.S. 22 million lived in Union 9 million in South (3.5 were black) 5 to 2 manpower advantage in North 2. Economic Advantages Manufacturing establishments (factories, etc.) 118,000 in North 18,000 in the South North advantages continued 3. Miles of Railroad Track a. 22,000 in North b. 9,000 in South c. More modern in North 4. Animals North had twice as many horses and mules 5. Existing army and Navy South: none 6. Presidential leadership: Lincoln over Davis. 7. Wealth: Better able to finance war. South’s Advantages 1. Area of conditions for victory: a. South: a tie was as good as a win South didn’t need to invade the North South didn’t have to defeat the United States b. Hold up against Northern advances and make them see that the war was too costly Southern Advantages 2. South would fight on home “turf” and be familiar with the terrain Fighting among friendly population 3. Geography: South was large and difficult to conquer 4. Military leadership at beginning of war: Lee and Jackson Both officer corps trained at West Point, read the same military books and fought in the Mexican War Who would win the war? Not a hopeless attempt by the Confederacy: United States had proven itself against Britain during American Revolution Who had the stomach to fight a protracted, drawn out battle? Which population would stick to it the longest? Rating the North & the South Slave/Free States Population, Land in Farms, and % Urban Populations Railroad Lines, 1860 Resources: North & the South The Union & Confederacy in 1861 Border States: Key to Victory for Lincoln 1. Missouri 2. Kentucky: Most divided border state. South could defend the Ohio River if went to the South 3. Maryland: If Maryland seceded, Washington D.C. would be in Confederacy. Lincoln took strong action in Md. 4. Delaware 5. West Virginia? Created in 1863 Men Present for Duty in the Civil War Ohio Military Service Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860 The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens The Confederate “White House” in Richmond, Va The Confederate Seal MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” A Northern View of Jeff Davis Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan The “Anaconda” Plan Union: Anaconda Plan 1. Cut the Confederacy in two by taking control of Mississippi River 2. Blockade the Southern coast and cut it off from Europe 3. Strike at the heart of the Confederacy: Sherman’s march to the Sea 4. Capture Richmond, the Capital South war strategy 1. Counteract what the Union did 2. Survive 3. Keep armies in field Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Irwin McDowell George McClellan Joseph Hooker Ambrose Burnside Ulysses S. Grant George Meade George McClellan, Again! McClellan: I Can Do It All! The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861 The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac Damage on the Deck of the Monitor Buy Your Way Out of Military Service War in the East: 1861-1862 Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties Emancipation in 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Issued after the battle of Antietam, January 1, 1863. All slaves residing in “territory in rebellion” against the North: Upper and Lower South, no border states. Few slaves were freed The Civil War was now fought to end slavery African-American Recruiting Poster The Famous 54th Massachusetts August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw African-Americans in Civil War Battles Black Troops Freeing Slaves The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg The Road to Gettysburg: 1863 Gettysburg Casualties The North Initiates the Draft, 1863 Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC Recruiting Blacks in NYC NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) A “Pogrom” Against Blacks Inflation in the South The Progress of War: 1861-1865 Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864 1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D) The Peace Movement: Copperheads: Southern sympathizers from the North Clement Vallandigham 1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864 Presidential Election Results: 1864 The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865 Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Casualties on Both Sides Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) The Assassin John Wilkes Booth The Assassination WANTED~~!! Now He Belongs to the Ages! The Execution