Download Civil War part 2

Civil War
The North
Vs.
The South
Lesson 1
The Early Stages of War
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Main Idea – In the early years of the Civil War, the
North and South formed strategies in hopes of
gaining a quick victory.
Confederate States of America
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Between April and May of 1861, 4 more
southern states seceded from the Union and
joined the Confederate States of America.
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Confederate States of America included:
 South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Virginia,
Tennessee, and North Carolina.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The North had better access to supplies and
transportation. The South felt its soldiers were
better prepared to fight.
North
South
Urban
Rural
2,000,000 soldiers
750,000 soldiers
20,000,000 population
9,000,000 population
100,000 factories
10,000 factories
1,500,000 farms
500,000 farms
23 states
11 states
Union Strategies
President Lincoln asked General Winfield Scott for
help with strategies to win the war.
• Scott planned a strategy with three parts. His
strategy was called the Anaconda Plan, because
he said that it would squeeze the Confederacy like
an anaconda.
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 1st – A blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to keep
people and supplies from moving; especially important
to keep cotton from being sold to Britain.
 2nd – Capture territory along the Mississippi River to cut
the Southern States in half.
 3rd – Attack the Confederacy from the east and west.
Confederate Strategies
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The Confederate government had its own
strategy for victory.
 1st – They believed that they only had to defend
their territory until the Northerners got tired and
gave up.
 2nd – They believed that Britain would help in the
war because they thought that British clothing mills
depended on Southern cotton.
 They were defending their homes and their way of
life. They also had the advantage of trained military
leaders.
Battle of Bull Run
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In 1861, Union troops met Confederate
troops at a small stream called Bull Run
near the town of Manassas Junction, VA.
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Bull Run was the first battle after Fort
Sumter. A Confederate General, Stonewall
Jackson, earned his nickname because his
line held strong and sent the North running.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
General “Stonewall “
Jackson served in the
Confederate Army. His
ideas about fighting the
Union led to many
Confederate victories. At
the battle of Chancellorsville
in 1863, Jackson was shot
by his own men who
mistook him for a Union
cavalryman. He died seven
days later.
Battle of Antietiem
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September 17, 1862
South was led by Gen. Robert E. Lee
North was led by Gen. McClellan
Most causalities of any battle
Union claimed victory
Great Britain ended its support of the south.
Technology and War
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New technologies were used and developed during
the Civil War.
Rifles could shoot farther and more accurately.
Repeating rifles made their debut.
Railroads quickly moved troops and supplies.
Submarines were used by the Confederates to
overcome the Union’s blockade.
Early versions of the hand grenade were used.
The Ironclad, or iron covered ships were used.
Cannonballs just bounced off the iron sides.
More Technologies
Military telegrams
were used.
• Aerial reconnaissance
was used with hot air
balloons.
• Photography was
used for the first time
to record the carnage
of war.
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Advancements in Medicine
Medical knowledge had
not advanced as much
as other technologies.
• Hygiene in the field
hospitals was basically
non-existent. For every
soldier killed in battle,
four died of sickness
and disease.
• Amputation was widely
used.
• There was a shortage
of both doctors and
nurses.
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Lesson 2
Life During the War
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Main Idea – As the Civil War continued, people in
the North and the South suffered many hardships,
including the growing loss of life.
Economic Problems
Money Earned
Cost of Housing
Soldiers: $1-$20 per month
Small farmhouse= $2500.00
Farmers (South): $8.20 per month
Large country house= $14,000.00
Blacksmith: $18.00 per month
Rental house in city= $500.00 per year
Teachers: $150 per month
Stable=$15.00 per year
Goods
1861
1865
Flour (barrel)
$6.00
$1,000.00
Salt (box)
$.03
$100.00
Coffee (pound)
$.35
$60.00
Butter (pound)
$.20
$20.00
Bacon (pound)
$.12
$13.00
Economic Problems
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Scarcity of goods made life difficult for citizens
during the Civil War
Trade was cut off between the North and the
South. Northern ships also blocked most European
ships from trading with the South.
Not only did citizens not have enough goods, but
neither did the soldiers on both sides of the war.
The demand for limited supplies caused people to
pay a higher price.
Consumers ended up paying more for goods
because of the war. Mostly they went without.
Life for Soldiers
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Families learned about the war from soldier’s
letters and newspaper articles. They could also
see the horrors of war battles due to a new
technology - photography.
Boys as young as 12 could join the war as
Drummer Boys.
A soldier’s life was hard even when he was not in
battle.
Soldiers might march 25 miles a day carrying 50
pounds of supplies in backpacks. Soldiers wore
out their shoes and often fought in bare feet.
Soldiers on both sides were unhappy with the
food. They were given beans, bacon, pickled beef,
salt pork, and a tough flour biscuit called
“hardtack”.
Life for Soldiers
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Those soldiers who survived being wounded
risked losing their lives to sickness and
disease spread throughout the camp.
Soldiers who were captured were prisoners
of war. Prisoners were mistreated by guards
and often starved to death.
About 56,000 soldiers from both sides died
while held as prisoners of war.
A Day in the Life of a Soldier
Draft
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As the war continued, volunteers decreased.
Both sides passed draft laws.
A “Draft” requires men of a certain age to serve in
the military if they are called.
Confederates who owned 20 or more slaves could
pay substitutes to fight for them.
Losses on each side were terrible. One million
Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or
wounded.
The Emancipation
Proclamation
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In January, President Lincoln signed the Emancipation
Proclamation. It was an order declaring all slaves free.
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The Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in the
border states or in Confederate land that Union forces
already controlled. It did declare an end to slavery in the
rest of the Confederacy, but without Union control, most
African Americans remained enslaved.
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This changed the focus of the war. The war started to
preserve the Union, but by 1863 the war was focused on
enforcing the freedom of the slaves.
African Americans in the War
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In the beginning of the war, African
Americans were not allowed to join the
army. But they did serve as cooks,
servants, and other workers.
They were first allowed to join the Union
army in 1862.
 They were not treated the same as whites.
 They received less pay.
 They had to buy their own uniforms, while
white soldiers did not.
th
107
U.S. Colored Infantry
Women in the War
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Women contributed to the war in many ways.
They ran farms and businesses while the men
were fighting in the war.
Some disguised themselves as men so they could
fight in the war.
Some women became spies. They often hid
weapons and documents in their large hoop skirts.
Women sewed clothing, rolled bandages, and sent
any spare food to the armies.
Women worked in hospitals as nurses. Clara
Barton was nicknamed “Angel of the Battlefield” as
she cared for wounded soldiers during the first
battle of Bull Run.
Role of Women in the War
The War Goes On
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By 1863, both sides were tired of the war.
They were tired of:
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The lack of supplies,
delays in pay,
sleeping uncovered in the rain, and
the terrible deaths of friends and family.
By 1863, some soldiers were refusing to go
to war. Thousands of men deserted, or left
their military duty without permission.
Lesson 3
How the North Won
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Main Idea – A series of Northern victories led to
the end of the Civil War by 1865.
The Battle of Gettysburg
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One of the most important battles of the
Civil War was the three day battle in
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
 On the first day, the Confederates, led by Gen.
Robert E. Lee pushed the Union troops, led by
Gen. George Meade, back but they did not
follow up quickly on their attack.
 By the second day, more Union soldiers had
arrived. The Confederates attacked again, but
the Union held their ground.
Battle of Gettysburg
 On the third day, the Confederates led an attack known
as “Pickett’s Charge.” Thousands of Confederate
soldiers marched up a hill in the open. More than 5,000
Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded, and
hundreds were captured.
 The Battle of Gettysburg was an important victory for
the North.
 It was a costly battle for both sides. The Union had
more than 23,000 deaths. The Confederates suffered
more than 28,000 deaths.
 The Confederate Army never recovered from the loss.
Leading Generals
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Robert E. Lee served in the
Union Army before the Civil War
began. He resigned to become
the leading general of the
Confederate Army of Northern
Virginia in 1860. By 1865, he
had become the commander in
chief of the entire Confederate
Army.
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Ulysses S. Grant was appointed
general in chief of the Union
Army by President Lincoln in
1864. He planned to end the
South by destroying everything
needed to survive. He accepted
Lee’s surrender in 1865.
The Gettysburg Address
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Lincoln gave the
Gettysburg Address
dedicating the
battlefield as a
national cemetery in
November 1863.
The Atlanta Campaign
From July to September, General Sherman battled for
control of Atlanta.
• Sherman used a method of warfare called total war. The
aim of total war is to destroy not just the opposing army,
but the people’s will to fight.
• From November 15 to December 21, General Sherman
“marched to the sea.” He destroyed everything in his path
and cut off the Confederacy from their supplies. He left a
path of destruction 300 miles long and 60 miles wide.
• On December 22, Savannah fell to Union forces. Sherman
turned north toward South Carolina.
• This critical battle led to the decline of the Confederacy
and to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln.
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General Sherman’s March to the Sea
Atlanta 1864
Photos used from
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
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In April 1865, Grant’s Union army met Lee’s
Confederate army in Virginia. With his army
starving, Lee was trapped.
Lee surrendered to General Grant at the McLean
house in Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.
Grant’s terms of surrender were very lenient to the
South.
On April 14, 1865, just 5 days after Lee
surrendered, President Lincoln was assassinated.
In May, the remaining Confederates surrendered
and the nation was re-united.
The McLean House
The War Ends
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President Lincoln expressed sympathy for
the South.
President Lincoln wanted the country to be
rebuilt. He had a plan to heal the nation’s
deep divisions, but he would never see his
plans carried out.
He was assassinated by a Southern
sympathizer named John Wilkes Booth while
attending a play at the Ford’s Theater.
John Wilkes Booth
He used his profession as a stage actor, as a means of
getting close to and succeeding in shooting President
Abraham Lincoln while he attended a play at the Ford’s
Theater.
Effects of War
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The Civil War was the most destructive war in U.S.
history. 620,000 Americans had died in the war.
Towns, farms, and industries, as well as roads,
bridges, and railroads in the South were in ruins.
The North’s environment was mostly unharmed.
Wealthy Southerners were broke. They had no money
to plant crops as they had in the past.
The enslaved were free, but had no where to go.
The South would never be the same.
Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, was
captured by Union troops and imprisoned for 2 years.
He was charged with treason- but never tried.
Jefferson Davis
CIVIL WAR
AMENDMENTS
Civil War Amendments
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13th amendmentFormer slaves are now free
No slavery allowed in the U.S. and
territories
Civil War Amendments
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14th Amendment
All former slaves are citizens
All born or naturalized citizens
are entitled to due process of law
Civil War Amendments
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15th Amendment
All males 21 years or older are
eligible to vote regardless of
former conditions of servitude,
race, or creed.
Civil War Amendments
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15th Amendment
All males 21 years or older are
eligible to vote regardless of
former conditions of servitude,
race, or creed.