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Civil War review 2009-10 Chancellorsville • Battle where the South won but General Stonewall Jackson lost his arm after his men fired on him • FRIENDLY FIRE • The high point for the Confederacy Antietam • Bloodiest 12 HOUR day of the war Vicksburg • Grant wins here in the Mississippi river town on a cliff and splits the Confederacy right down the middle Appomattox Courthouse • Surrender of the South to the North is signed here by Lee and Grant Supreme Commander of the Union army for last year of the war • General Ulysses S.Grant William Tecumseh Sherman • Northern general who believes in total war • Burns Atlanta because it is a hub of trade • Carries out the March to the Sea ( Atlanta to Savannah) causing $100 million in damage to Georgia • Brings Georgia to its knees • Breaks the will of the Confederate army to fight Who had more guns, bullets, factories, railroads, banks, men, money? • The North/Union Who had the draft? • The North • Also called conscription Lee’s Last attempt to go up into the North and win the war • Was stopped at the battle of Gettysburg • Turning point of the war Lee’s right arm • General Stonewall Jackson • Where is the body? • People have the right to be arraigned and prove themselves innocent in a court of law with a jury Habeas Corpus is • Lincoln stopped the right to Habeas corpus • He did this so he could keep people in jail until the end of the war that he thought were dangerous to the Union because they were carrying out antiwar activities Why did Lincoln suspend Habeas Corpus? President of the Union was • Abraham Lincoln President of the Confederate States was • Jefferson Davis Unconditional Surrender was his nickname General Ulysses Grant Supreme General of the South • Robert E. Lee • Defeated union troops at Chancellorsburg and Fredericksburg • Surrendered at Appotmattox Courthouse Characteristics of Bull Run • • • • First battle and the South wins A holiday feeling was in the air The north broke and ran The South did not pursue them Where were Grant’s military successes located • Mainly in the Western theatre What area of the war was the Mississippi river in • The West Ordered to march on a southern city and burn it • Gen William T. Sherman and he burned Atlanta to the ground High point of the war for the South Battle of Chancellorsville Turning point of the war • Gettysburg Resources the North could rely on • Population, factories, money, gold, railroads, technology, Resources the south could rely on • Better generals, • fighting a defensive war, • lots of cotton that Europe needed North won because • Population, factories, money, gold, railroads, technology, more banks and gold, no inflation, South lost because • • • • • Inflation Not enough gold to back the paper money Ran out of supplies Not enough factories, guns, and bullets Food supply deceasing as railroads are destroyed by the North • Europe never came in and helped them • North had more soldiers The purpose of the Blockade of Southern ports was • To stop all imports into the South and exports out of the South • To stop Europe from supplying the confederacy Emancipation Proclamation did what • Freed the slaves in the Confederate states only • Stopped Europe from coming to the aid of the South • Made the war about slavery Gettysburg address said what • All men are created equal • Our nation, which was created in Liberty and freedom, is undergoing a test to see if such a nation can last on the earth or will it all end here Civil war began where • Fort Sumter, South Carolina Civil war ended where • Appomattox courthouse Why was Maryland important to the South and North • Because it is where Washington, DC, the Union capital is located • Lee needed to take it in order to win the war • Lincoln needed to keep it in order to win the war How were soldiers Identified in the Civil war • Paper with their name on it in their pocket • Later came dog tags Bloodiest 12 hour day of the war • Antietam What is a substitute • Could hire a “Substitute” to fight for you in the war for a sum of money usually $300 What was Lincoln’s hidden purpose in freeing the slaves • To stop Europe from helping out the South Why did the South suffer from inflation • They did not have the gold to back their paper money so as they printed more, it became less valuable • Prices rose sharply and money was worthless Pickett’s charge • Gen George Pickett charged with his men up cemetery ridge at Gettysburg and lost half his men • End of the finest soldiers of the Confederacy some say Casualty • A soldier wounded or killed in war or battle War goal of the Union at beginning of the war • Original goal of Lincoln was to “Preserve the Union.” War goal of the Union at end of the war • As war progressed, freeing the slaves became a new goal War goals of the South for the war • The sole purpose of the war was for independence from the Union. • Protection of land and family. • Fight a defensive war. What is a defensive war? • Defending your own land Are we having fun yet? Defensive war was fought by who • The South Offensive war was fought by who • The North Anaconda Plan Three part plan by the North to surround the South and then squeeze it until it surrendered Civil war begins at • Fort Sumter in South Carolina right after Lincoln is elected in 1861 What events led to the Nullification crisis? 1. Federal government makes a tariff in 1832 2. South Carolina says we’re not going to pay it 3. President Andrew Jackson says pay it or hang 4. Congress passes a bill to allow President to enforce the tariff 5. South Carolina decides to repeal the tariff and pay it Why did the South hate tariffs? • They led to an increase in the price of manufactured goods which the South bought quite a lot of Presidents who upheld the supreme power of the federal government • Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln The 2nd inaugural address of Lincoln that shows he wanted the South to receive fair treatment after the war • "With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, : to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and all nations." Inflation in the South • Due to the Blockade • The worth of the dollar is devalued or decreases and there is a corresponding rise in prices Dred Scott supreme court case • Ruled slaves to be property and not citizens of America Who did the tariff of 1832 also called the tariff of abominations hurt? • The agricultural Southern planters Popular sovereignty • Policy that allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to vote if they wanted to be slave or free states Treaty that ends the War with Mexico • Treaty of GuadeloupeHidalgo Feb 1861 • The first 7 states to secede met in Alabama and founded the Confederate states of America with Benjamin Davis as its President William Lloyd Garrison • Head of newspaper the Liberator • Abolitionist-against slavery Missouri Compromise • Dealt with the expansion of slavery into the territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase • Missouri came in as a slave state and Maine as a free state • Set 36 / 30 line Antebellum south • Means before the civil war • Most people in the south were non-slave holding farmers • Minority were large slave holding plantations Why did we win the Mexican American war? • The Mexican army and government were plagued or bothered by instability hurting their ability to fight consistently or well. The Grimke sisters • Abolitionists against slavery Fugitive slave Law • Law making the officials in the North accountable for helping return escaped slaves to their owners in the South • The North hated this law and helped hide escaped slaves Wilmot proviso • Senator David Wilmot from Connecticut tried to get slavery banned in territories taken from Mexico in the Mexican war • He failed • Initiated a slave revolt that killed 870 white people • Result was severe limitation on the legal rights of free blacks and slaves in the South Nat Turner What issue led to the Civil war in the era of manifest destiny, the early and mid 1800’s ? • Whether, if and how should slavery spread across the USA from sea to shining sea John Brown • Led raid on Harper's Ferry to get weapons to start an uprising of slaves against their owners The rhyme you need to memorize is ….. • In 1861, ______________________ • In 1862, ______________________ • In 1863, _______________________ • In 1864, _______________________ • In 1865, _________________________ The End