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The Civil War A Country Divided Life in the North Based on industry Factories and shipping Few family farms (small, not for cash) No need for slaves On the issue of slavery Slavery was illegal in the North by the 1800s Many abolitionists in the North Gave speeches, wrote newspapers and books Overall, tolerated slavery in the South, but did not want newly added states to allow slavery Discriminated against African Americans Not allowed to vote sent to unequal schools not allowed to own property Life in the South Many southern plantations A few wealthy plantation owners owned most of the slaves in the South Few average families owned 1 or 2 slaves Yet southerners supported the idea of slavery Cotton gin Invented by Eli Whitney Invention that took seeds out of cotton Now cotton could be cleaned much faster Cotton became a popular fabric Higher demand for cotton meant higher demand for slaves cotton gin animation Abolitionists Abolitionists Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Frederick Douglass The Moses of her people One of the greatest speakers Sojourner Truth Former slave, abolitionist, preacher, and women’s advocate Causes of the Civil War As territories become states, Congress fights over the slavery issue Missouri Compromise Maine is made a free state, Missouri made a slave state Number of free and slave states remains equal Causes of the Civil War, con’t. Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state In exchange, the southern states demand that the Fugitive Slave Act is enforced Runaway slaves must be returned to South Causes of the Civil War, con’t. Kansas-Nebraska Act Newly added states would get to decide for themselves if they would become a free or slave state (not Congress) Called popular soveignty Abraham Lincoln Elected South feared Lincoln would try to end slavery in the U.S. Even though he had promised not to Lincoln did say he did not want any new states to allow slavery The Reaction to Lincoln South Carolina secedes from the Union 10 other states follow Form the Confederate States of America A.K.A. Confederacy North called them the South, Rebels The Confederacy The Confederates are seen by the Union (U.S.) as rebels, traitors Just as the Americans were seen by the British when they declared independence Acted as an independent country Own currency (money) Flag Jefferson Davis as president constitution The Civil War Begins Fort Sumter is held by U.S. troops, but is in Confederate territory Shots are fired, the war begins U.S. troops are forced to surrender the fort President Lincoln fights with one purpose in mind To reunite the country Border States Slave states that remained with the Union Delaware Maryland West Virginia Kentucky Missouri Generals Union – General Ulysses S. Grant Proved himself worthy during the war Promoted to General-in-Chief in 1864 Confederacy – Robert E. Lee From Virginia (a southern state) Was a loyal American Chose to fight alongside Confederates because he did not want to fight against his family and friends in Virginia Advantages for the Union Factories to make weapons More railroads More people (to become soldiers) More money from taxes Advantages for the South Many good generals Many brave soldiers Dedicated to freedom Emancipation Proclamation Issued by Lincoln about halfway through the war Stated that all southern slaves were free African Americans were now accepted into the Union military Changed the reason for fighting the war From reuniting the Union to ending slavery This made European countries allies of the Union Battle of Gettysburg Located at border of Pennsylvania and Maryland 3 day battle in 1863 North and South accidentally collided North wins – turning point of the war 3rd day: Pickett’s Charge South charged Union lines, but each row of men was shot down 10,000 dead in 50 minutes Town of Gettysburg had population of 2,400 – after battle there were 51,000 casualties 172,000 men fought 634 cannons over 25 sq. miles 569 tons of ammo used 5,000 dead horses Gettysburg Address Lincoln comes to Gettysburg Dedicates the battlefield to those who died in battle Encourages country to keep fighting the war The Civil War Ends South surrenders in 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse President Lincoln is shot 5 days later By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are soon added to the Constitution 13th ends slavery 14th gives citizenship to all born in the US 15th gives right to vote to all adult men Jim Crow laws and Black Codes keep inequality of blacks in the South policy of segregation and separation Review What caused the Civil War? How did the Civil War end? How would the U.S. be different if the South had won the war?