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Chapter 6
Civil War and Reconstruction
Lesson 1 Main Ideas
• The Union and Confederacy had different
strengths.
• Military and political leaders played
important roles during the war.
• Events in 1863 helped the Union become
stronger in the Civil War.
North vs South
• 11 states in the south left the union due to
disagreements on states rights
• Border states were Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland and Delaware separating the
north from the south
• S Carolina was the 1st state to leave the
Union
North Advantages
• Large population to train soldiers
• Lots of factories to produce war materials
• More railroad lines to move supplies
South Advantages
• Knew the territory since most fighting was
in the south
• Excellent military leaders
• Robert E Lee-skilled and respected
Confederate general who had fought in
previous war
Strategy/Plans: Quick & Easy?
• North: Anaconda Plan-the Navy blocked
Confederate ports and the Army attacked
by land
• South: Keep fighting until the Confederacy
was a separate nation; expected help from
Europe due to their need for cotton grown
in the south
July 1861
• Union Army marched to take Confederate
capital in Virginia
• Battle of Bull Run: Union retreated-people
now realized the war was not going to be
quick and easy and would last a long time
with many deaths
• Most Confederate victories were in
Virginia
Leaders
• Robert E Lee-led soldiers to the Battle of
Antietam (deadliest day of war) in Maryland
• Ulysses Grant-planned to capture Vicksburg,
Miss (the last Confederate town)
• Jefferson Davis-Pres of Confederates-started
draft
• Abraham Lincoln-Pres of Union-started draft too
Lincoln’s Plan
• Goal: keep the country together
• Emancipation Proclamation-document that
freed the slaves (turning point in war)
• Confederates ignored law so fighting
continued
• Now the goal changed: it was to free the
slaves
Vicksburg
• Surrendered after 6 weeks of battlessignificance? Now the Union controlled the
Mississippi River which separated
Arkansas and Texas
Gettysburg
• Lee and Confederates attacked Union
again in Pennsylvania but was met by
Union soldiers and cannons
• They retreated and gave the Union a huge
advantage in the war
• Gettysburg Address-Lincoln’s speech
describes how to ensure America’s
democracy
Lesson 2 Main Ideas
• Soldiers in the Civil War faced problems
other than fighting
• The Civil War was difficult for people at
home, especially in the South
Soldier’s Life
• Read, sang or wrote letters due to
boredom at camp
• Yucky food if any at all
• Different backgrounds-white U.S. men at
first, eventually immigrants, young children
even African Americans, and even a few
disguised women
Battles and Diseases
Known as the deadliest war in history
Clara Barton-founder of the Red CrossSouthern woman that cared for wounded
soldiers
Back at Home
• Families stayed home
• Women took on new tasks like running
businesses and farms
• Photographers, like Mathew Brady in the
south sent pictures to the north
• Different kinds of money was printed
• Inflation in the south increased crime
Lesson 3 Main Ideas
• The Union tried to force the south to
surrender by destroying resources
• Grant’s attacks in Virginia wore down
Lee’s army and forced it to surrender
Union Victories
• Had to destroy the ability for the south to
fight
• Grant led army to Virginia and Sherman
led army to Tennessee to circle Atlanta,
Georgia
• Sherman’s March-fought May-Sept and
the Union won Atlanta
• They also won Mobile Bay, Alabama
Sherman’s March
• Soldiers marched from Atlanta to
Savannah and destroyed everything along
the way
• They stole food, killed animals, and
wrecked factories, set homes on fire and
destroyed railroad tracks
• At the same time, Grant had victories in
Richmond, Virginia
Surrender
• Union fought Confederacy for over a year
in Richmond when Lee retreated
• April 9, 1865-Lee/Confederacy
surrendered
• Grant told the Union not to celebrate but to
welcome the Confederacy into the Union
• Both sides saluted each other in the end
• By June, there was no more fighting
Lesson 4 Main Ideas
• President Lincoln and Congress disagreed
about how to rebuild the south
• Congress took control of Reconstruction
from Andrew Johnson
• Congress changed the Constitution to
protect the rights of African Americans
Reconstruction of the South
• Reconstruction = Reunited
• Lincoln did not want to punish the South
but most northerners did
Lincoln was soon assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth at the Ford Theatre in
Washington
Andrew Johnson
• Slavery was abolished in state
Constitutions but African Americans were
still not treated equally
• Freedman’s Bureau-provided food,
clothing, medical care and legal advice to
poor people. It also helped people find
jobs.
Impeachment of Johnson
• Due to disagreements, Congress tried to
impeach Johnson due to breaking rules
• Scalawags-helped government during
Reconstruction (worthless horse)
• Carpetbaggers-Northerners that traveled
to the South to supposedly help
reconstruct but they were greedy and just
wanted money
Amendments
• 13: ended slavery throughout the U.S.
• 14: gave U.S. citizenship to African
Americans which gave them due process
of law and said to treat all citizens equally
• 15: African American MEN could vote
• Power of voting: elect leaders that make
fair rules and judgments
• States continued to struggle with
acceptance of all citizens
The New South
• Economy grew quickly in north
• Southern farmers struggled with
production
• South had lost money and men plus
ruined homes, farms, machines, factories
and railroads
• Popular new cities: Atlanta, Richmond,
and Charleston
Lesson 5 Main Ideas
• Freed African Americans looked for ways
to make a living after the end of slavery
• African Americans worked and studied to
overcome new laws that limited their rights
Free at Last
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Freed slaves struggled to make a living
Some became involved in politics
Many educated themselves
Few were truly treated equally though
Sharecroppers
• Poor whites and former slaves wanted to
farm but couldn’t afford land so they
farmed on someone else’s land and
shared their crops with the landowner
• Gave African Americans independence
Hate groups
• KKK was formed to intimidate African
Americans
• This group robbed, whipped, and killed
African Americans
• Jim Crow Laws kept African Americans
separated
• Segregation-forced separation of people
based on color/race
Schooling
• Booker T Washington (former slave)
opened Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for
African Americans could receive education
and equal treatment
• George Washington Carver-famous
teacher at Tuskegee Institute studies how
to improve lives of poor southern farmers.
Invented over 300 products made from
peanuts
Chapter Review
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Complete page 212
Numbers 1-13
Write answers in complete sentences
Do not begin sentences with pronouns or
and or because
• Read your answer to make sure it makes
sense to someone that knows nothing
about the Civil War
Test Time
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Study the Power Point
Know vocabulary
Know important names
Change main ideas into questions and
answer them thoroughly
• Read it, Write it, Say it, Know it!
• I expect A’s!!!!!! 