Download 11. The Civil War

Resource Advantages
Union Advantages
 Population
 Industry supported
Confederate Advantages
 Fighting for their
survival: slavery
manufacturing
 Strong military leaders
 Larger railroad network like Robert E. Lee
 Strong leader in Lincoln  War was fought mainly
 Well-organized navy
in the South
 Set up a blockade
 Familiar territory and
supplies are closer
Strategies
Union
 Keep loyal slave states from
seceding by not abolishing
slavery (MO, KY, MD, DE)
 The Anaconda Plan:
 capture capital (Richmond,
VA)
 control the Mississippi River
to cut the Confederacy in
half
 blockade southern ports
 This would squeeze the life
out of the Confederacy
Confederacy
 Tire the Union
 Gain support of
Britain and France
 Needed cotton
from the South
 Never got their
help
Early Battles of the War
 First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
 July 1861
 Confederate victory under Stonewall
Jackson
 Shocked the North
 Union had to replace the Union
General with McClellan (who is later
replaced)
 Battle of Shiloh
 April 1862
 an unsuccessful Union attempt to gain
control of the Mississippi River
 The Monitor vs. The Virginia: both were plated with iron
(ironclad)
 No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of the past
 Second Battle of Bull
Run (1862)
 Southern victory led by
General Lee,
commander of
Confederate Army
 18 days later Lee takes his
army North, but is
intercepted by General
George McClellan,
General of the US Army
Let’s Review!
1.
2.
Which of the following was a
Southern advantage?
a.
Southerners simply had to
defend their land
b.
Southern military leaders
devised the Anaconda Plan
to end the war quickly
c.
The South possessed
factories and railroad lines
Which of the following was an
element of the Anaconda
Plan?
a. Blockade of Southern ports
b. Capture the capitol,
Washington, DC
c. Squeeze the life out of the
Union
3.
What was revealed by the outcome
of the 1st Battle of Bull Run?
a.
The Southern army was well
trained
b.
The North would eventually win
c.
The war would not be short
4.
What was the significance of the
Battle of Shiloh?
a.
The Confederacy successfully
blocked the Union from taking
the Mississippi River.
b.
The Union made an unsuccessful
attempt to gain control of the
Missouri River.
c.
There is no major significance to
the Battle of Shiloh.
Antietam (Sept 1862)
 The victory necessary for
Lincoln to proclaim
emancipation
 Union General had
General Lee’s military
plan
 The bloodiest single day
of the Civil War
 Lee retreats but loses less
soldiers
Emancipation
Proclamation,
January 1, 1863
African Americans
 What should the
Union do with
slaves?
 Free them?...
Lincoln’s
suggestion but
must wait until a
Union
victory…Antietam
 Put them to
work?

Given the worst
jobs
 Emancipation Proclamation:
 freed all slaves in states that were
still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863
 Did NOT apply to loyal slave
states
 Lincoln hoped it would lead to
Southern states surrendering
 Southerners see there will be no
negotiations
 Gives the war a moral cause
African Americans Fight Bravely
 Union started to recruit freed slaves…fighting for their




freedom
Gain respect from white men
Sometimes given tedious tasks
If captured by the Confederacy they would be killed
Southern slaves help Union troops as they pass
through
 Food
 Spies
 Scouts
Final Turning Points
 Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman
capture Vicksburg, MS (1863) [Remember Anaconda
Plan]
 Vital victory for North  control of the Mississippi
River
 Union could pass through Confederacy
 Dominate the South
Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)
 General Lee drove back Union forces in PA
 Union took up strong defensive position
 After 2 days, Lee unable to break Union lines ordered
men to charge at the middle of defense lines
 Most soldiers were killed
 Confederates retreated to VA
 Weakened by death, desertion & hunger
 3 day battle
 Bloodiest battle in American history, > 50,000 dead
Coming to an End
 Later that year, Gettysburg Address, honoring all
those who died in the battle
 Election of 1864 – Lincoln wins re-election over
McClellan
 Sherman’s March to the Sea
 Across GA to the Atlantic Coast, 60 miles
 Destroyed EVERYTHING in their path
 Burned Atlanta
 Troops reach sea to re-supply
 General Lee knew his army could not continue
 April 9, 1865
 Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, VA
April 14, 1865
 John Wilkes Booth, southern supporter shot Lincoln at
Ford’s Theater, “the south will be avenged”
 Lincoln died the next day in the house across from the
theater
Soldiers Life
 4 out of 5 Southern men




fought
Brother s might fight
brothers
Boring and
monotonous
Injuries usually led to
amputation
Malnutrition was always
a problem
Women and the War
 Filled the jobs of men while
they fought the war
 Led to women entering
professions that had been off
limits
 Most women were nurses
 Clara Barton will later form
the American Red Cross
 Start to consider sanitation
“Angels of the Battlefield”
Life on the Homefront
Union
 Drop in cotton cultivation hurt





industry
Income taxes
Western lands sold extremely
cheap
Union started a draft that led to
Draft Riots
Copperheads condemned
Lincoln for war actions and
wanted the war to stop
Lincoln suspended the writ of
habeas corpus (holding
someone in jail without
charging them) to deal with
draft dodgers
Confederacy
 Lacked the resources to




support troops…mainly
shoes
Blockade runners were no
longer successful
Stopped harvesting cotton
and went to food crops to
feed troops
Seized/stole Union goods
when able
Confederate money is
worthless
 Could not deal with
the economic
hardships
Let’s Review!
What is the significance of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
a.
It freed ALL slaves regardless of
loyalty to the Union.
b.
It had no importance.
c.
It created a moral cause that Lincoln
needed to maintain support for the
war.
2. Why was the surrender of Vicksburg a
turning point in the Civil War?
a.
It gave the Union control of the
Mississippi River and split the
Confederacy.
b.
It marked the surrender of the
Confederate capital to Union forces.
c.
It was the largest battle ever fought
in North America
1.
3.
What did Sherman’s victory
in the siege of Atlanta help to
ensure?
a.
Jefferson Davis’ reelection
b.
Passage of the 13th
Amendment
c.
Lincoln’s reelection
4.
What was the result of Lee’s
surrender?
a.
The war ended
immediately
b.
The war continued for
several months
c.
Jefferson Davis resigned