Download Standard IV: The student will understand

Standard IV: The student will
understand concepts related to
the United State Civil War Era
Objective 1: Identify and
evaluate events, causes, and
effects of the Civil War Era
8 questions
Compromise of 1850
• Henry Clay author of compromise
• California would enter the country as a free state
• Unorganized territory of the West would be admitted as free
territory
• Utah & New Mexico Territories would be open to slavery by
popular sovereignty (people living in the area would vote on
whether or not to allow slavery)
Fugitive Slave Act
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Part of the Compromise of 1850
Northern states must return escaped sLAves to their owners
Northerners caught aiding fugitives would be jailed & fined
Fugitive act very unpopular in the North
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Signed into law by President Pierce
• Territories of Kansas & Nebraska had been free, but
now the population would use popular sovereignty
• Both Southerners & Northerners rushed in Kansas to
vote
• Bleeding Kansas- 2 governments were established; 1
free capital & 1 slave capital
Formation of Republican Party
• 1854- coalition of Democrats, Whigs, & FreeSoilers
• Did not want slavery to expand into the new
territories
Dred Scott Decision
• 1857- Dred Scott was a slave for a military dr.;
traveled to a free territory; Scott sued for his
freedom
• Supreme Court ruled:
– No slave or descendant of a slave was a citizen
– Dred Scott was not a citizen; therefore had no right to
bring a case to court
– Time he spent on free soil didn’t make him free
– Slaves were property
– The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
John Brown Raid
• 1859- John Brown- strong abolitionist
• Planned to seize arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA to
free slaves
• Raid was not well planned; authorities captured
John Brown & was sentenced to death
• Brown’s death helped to build support for the
abolitionist movement
1858 Senate Election
• Abraham Lincoln (Republican) from IL against
Stephen Douglas (Democrat)
• Lincoln didn’t want slavery to expand to new
territories
• Douglas never made stand on slavery
Democratic Party Split
• Democratic party split over the issue of
slavery
• Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas
• Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge
1860 Election
• Lincoln won the election without winning one
southern state
• December 1860- South Carolina seceded (to break
away) from the union
• By February of 1861- MS, AL, GA, FL, LA, & TX
joined SC; created the Confederate States of
America with the capital in Montgomery (later will
be moved to Richmond, VA); Jefferson Davis
became president
War Starts
• Ft. Sumter located in SC; needed more supplies;
Lincoln told governor of SC he was sending food
• April 12, 1861- Battle of Ft. Sumter; Confederate
soldiers opened fire on federal ships
• Federal soldiers were forced to surrender
Pockets of Resistance
• Winston County, Alabama- poorest & least tied to
institution of slavery; didn’t support secession;
Confederacy implemented draft & Winston County
declared neutrality; Confederacy viewed Winston
County as sympathizers with North
• Western Virginia didn’t support secession; felt they
had more in common with North; 1863- became
West Virginia
Economic events during the war
• Homestead Act (1862)- anyone who would agree to
cultivate 160 acres of land for 5 years would get the
title to the land
• Morrill-Land Grant Act (1862)- each state got land
for the foundation of the public university system
Cultural events during the war
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Draft was used for the 1st time
People could pay for a substitute if they were drafted
Irish immigrants had no money to pay for substitute
Rioters in New York killed over 1000 people & did
$2 million dollars worth of damage
• Emancipation Proclamation- issued by Lincoln in
1863; freed slaves in the Confederacy
Legal events during the war
• Maryland was divided over the war; if MD went to
Confederacy meant DC would be surrounded by
Confederacy
• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus- guaranteed that a
person could not be imprisoned w/o appearing in
court; Confederate supporters were sent to jail
Major Battles
• 1st Battle of Bull Run- loss for Union
• Shiloh- bloodiest battle of the Civil War
• Antietam- plans of Robert E. Lee (Confederate
general) fell into the hand of the Union; bloodiest
day of the war
• Vicksburg- Mississippi- Union general Ulysses
Grant laid siege to Vicksburg; city fell to Union
giving control of Mississippi River to Union
• Gettysburg- considered to be the turning point of the
war; Union victory
• Mobile Bay- Union troops occupied the city; cut off
important port for the Confederacy
• Atlanta- Union victory; Union had control of
railroad head
• Sherman’s March to the Sea- Union general William
Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah burning
everything along the way; broke the morale of the
Confederacy
Gettysburg Address
• Speech given to Lincoln November of 1863
• Lincoln spoke of his desire to see the
country come back together
End of the War
• Confederate general Robert E. Lee forced to
surrender April of 1865 at Appomattox, VA
• Union general U.S. Grant offered generous terms
(generally not his style)
Cost of War: North
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Industrial production increased during war
3 new states: KS, WV, NV
360,000 Union soldiers lost lives
Economy suffered a recession due to more
workers & slow down of manufacturing
Cost of War: South
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Lost fight for independence
Lost slave-based economy
Southern land destroyed
Southerners feared retaliation from North
Plans for Reconstruction
• Lincoln’s Plan:
– 10% of voting populace had to swear allegiance to the
Union & Constitution; very generous
• Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14,
1865; Andrew Johnson takes presidency; many
questions about Reconstruction
• Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South
• Andrew Johnson implemented a mild form of
Reconstruction- allowed whites to maintain political
power
Radical Reconstruction
• Reconstruction Act
– South divided into 5 military districts
– Southern states would not be admitted into the Union
until they ratified the 14th Amendment
– Black citizens must be granted the right to vote
– Former Confederate officials couldn’t hold public office
• Andrew Johnson impeached because Republicans
felt that he would be too easy on the South; he was
found innocent
Southern Feelings of Reconstruction
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South was bitter about losing war
Resented the North for Reconstruction
Resented carpetbaggers & scalawags
Carpetbaggers- people who came from the North to
do business in the South
• Scalawags- Southerners that supported
Reconstruction
Reconstruction Ends
• U.S. Grant- president after Johnson; not a good
political leader; presidency remembered for
corruption
• Election 1876- Tilden (Dem) vs. Hayes (Rep); big
controversy; Compromise of 1876- Hayes becomes
president as long as Reconstruction ends in the
South