Download Ch. 23-Section II

Chapter 23 / Section II: Pages 540-545
Growth and Change in the United States
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This section is about:
Significant changes in the
size of the United States
during the 1800’s.
U.S. territorial expansion, the
causes and effects of the Civil
War, and immigration to the
United States during the
1800’s.
How westward expansion
affected Native Americans.
Growth and Change in the United States
and… The Nation Expands
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You already know some basic
information about today’s
section (before, during and
after the “War Between the
States.”
Last time: Canada was
expanding (west) - partly
because that’s what their
neighbor (the U.S.) was doing.
They were afraid the United
States might try and take
control of all of North America.
The Louisiana Purchase
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The United States doubled in size
in 1803.
Spain had controlled the middle
part of North America since 1763
(French and Indian War).
In 1800, Napoleon bought that
land from Spain.
But Napoleon was fighting all his
European wars and was running
out of money, so he offered “The
Louisiana territory” to the U.S. for
$15 million.
Besides getting the key port of
New Orleans, 13 new states would
eventually be created from this
territory.
Later - the U.S. also gained the
Oregon Territory from Britain and the southwest territory from
Mexico.
The Monroe Doctrine
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While the U.S was gaining land,
Spain was losing most of it’s claims
in
N/C/S America and the
Caribbean.
Spain was going to try and convince
it’s friends to help them get some
lands back.
In 1823, the United States (President
James Monroe), warned that any
European power that interfered with
a nation in the Americas would be
treated as a threat to the U.S..
He also said, the U.S. would not
interfere with any European country
(or their colonies).
This is know as …….
It’s the basic principle of American
foreign policy for a long time.
From Coast to Coast
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Americans kept moving
further and further west even out to Oregon Country in
a push west that’s called
Manifest Destiny.
It means it was the right and
the destiny of America to
grow and expand all the way
to the Pacific Ocean.
Later land acquisitions were
made with Texas, and soon
the lands in the southwest
part of the continent (after a
war with Mexico).
The U.S even pushed farther
than the coast, eventually
purchasing Alaska in 1867 and
annexing Hawaii in 1898.
…………………………..
Animated Atlas:
Growth of a Nation
The Road to War and… Two Ways of Life
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Moving west caused a problem
of how to use these new lands
- eventually leading to a war.
The Northern and Southern
United States were completely
different.
People in the South farmed
(warm climate and good soil)
tobacco, cotton, and sugar
cane - with the help of slaves.
People in the North lived more
city styles of lives, working in
trade and manufacturing - and
didn't need slaves.
Slavery in the West
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When new territories/states were
acquired, should they be slave or
free states?
Northerners said free
Southerners said slave.
Some said it should be based on
popular sovereignty (let them
decide).
For a long time there was a
balance of power - equal free and
slave.
Any time a new state would come
in to the country, they’d have to
find a way to keep a balance.
There were lots of “Compromises.”
War Breaks Out
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When Abraham Lincoln was
elected president in 1860 (he
was against slavery), many
southern states seceded (7 left
the Union right away, more
followed).
The Confederacy (South)
considered themselves a whole
new country.
The Union (North) and Lincoln
considered t hem still part of the
U.S. of A..
There would be a war to decide
what would happen - a “Civil
War.”
Europe’s View of the War
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The South thought Europe
and Britain may help them
out (they used southern
cotton - but they decided
to get their cotton from
India and China instead).
Many countries had
sympathy for the South
(it was a time of
revolutions), but no other
country ever officially
recognized the
Confederacy as an
independent nation.
The Union Saved
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After 4 horrible years, the North
won the war.
The 1 country would have to
rebuild (physically, economically,
politically, etc…).
Three new amendments were
added to the Constitution (called
the Civil War Amendments):
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13th: ended slavery.
14th: gave ex-slaves
citizenship.
15th: allowed all males over
21 the right to vote.
People on the Move
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The late 1800’s wasn’t just a Civil War time of change.
There were also changes with all the immigrants coming to the U.S..
And, it was a time where Native Americans were continuing to be
forced off their lands
Newcomers
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In 1860: the U.S had 31
million people.
By 1900, there were 75 million.
Most of the immigrants at this
time came from Europe (crop
failures, famine, disease, etc…).
Some came to escape harsh
governments.
Some came for religious
freedom.
All came looking for
opportunities.
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Before 1890: from Ireland,
Germany, Sweden,
Denmark, and Norway.
Most were protestant, with
some education and some
experience living in a
country with a
representative government.
They adapted pretty well to
American life, but had their
own churches, own social
gatherings, and had their
own newspapers.
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After 1890: from Hungary,
Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia,
and Spain.
Many of these immigrants
settled in the Northeast U.S. –
or in cities as far as their
money would allow them to relocate.
First People
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At the time of Columbus, there
may have been more than 10
million Native Americans living in
North America.
As time went on, they lost most
of their land.
And, many died from European
diseases they could not resist.
By the mid 1800’s, the Natives
were also in the way of manifest
destiny and westward expansion.
By 1860, about all they had left
were some “reservations” and
some land in the Oklahoma
Territory.
Any treaties they had made were
usually ignored.
Their way of life was slowly
destroyed.