Download North Carolina in the Civil War

North Carolina in the
Civil War
Chapter 15
Preparing for War


The goal of the U.S. was to restore the Union;
the Union wanted to abolish (end) slavery
Emancipation Proclamation: a document of
President Lincoln; freed all slaves in the
Confederate states July 1, 1863
Union

Advantages of the North
Outnumbered the Confederates
 Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal factories,
textile mills, and arsenals
 Had railroads
 Had a functioning government

Confederates

Advantages of the South
War was fought in the South
 Fighting on familiar territory
 Had some military training
 Had strong military leaders

Union Strategies

Military


Anaconda Plan: blockade
all Confederate ports and
seize the Mississippi River
Union ships blockaded
the southern coast to cut
off supply routes between
the South and Europe

Political

Stop European nations
from recognizing the
Confederacy
Confederate Strategies

Military



Wear down the invading
Union armies
Ensure that the Union
blockade didn’t work
Used swift raiders, fast,
lightly armed ships to
capture Union merchant
ships

Political

King Cotton Diplomacy: stop
selling cotton abroad in
hopes that the French and
British would be forced to
help the Confederates
break blockades to get the
cotton that they needed
War on the Coast


The North Carolina coast was the most
vulnerable to Union attack.
Forts Clark and Hatteras were set up on the
Outer Banks to guard the inlets into the sounds.
War on the Coast, con’t.

By taking control of NC’s mainland, Union
forces:
1)
2)
Could attack the railroad, preventing supplies from
reaching Lee’s army
Would be able to stop attacks by Confederate naval
forces
Wartime Politics

The Conscription Act of 1862 made men between
the ages of 18 and 35 eligible to be drafted.
The Election of 1862


During the elections of 1862, Zebulon Vance
was elected governor of North Carolina.
Zebulon Vance served as governor during most
of the Civil War.
Conflicts with the Confederacy

During the war, N.C. and the Confederacy
disagreed over:
Conscription
 The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
 The defense of the states
 The appointment of officers from other states for
N.C. regiments
 The violation of rights of North Carolinians

Blockade Running


Wilmington, NC became the Confederacy’s
largest blockade running port.
In 1863, Governor Vance purchased a blockade
running steamship named the Advance.
War in the East

In 1863, the Confederate Navy began building
an ironclad ram named the Albemarle. The
Albemarle was to be used to sink Union ships.
In October 1864, the Albemarle sank.
War in the Mountains

Many people in the mountains of NC
Harbored deserters and draft resisters
 Supported the Union during the war
 Helped Union prisoners escape from the
Confederate prison at Salisbury

The Home Front

Effects of the war on people in the South:
Shortage of food, salt, cloth (for clothing), shoes
and medicines
 Women were left to tend children and farms
 Inflation (driving up prices)
Richard Gatling: patented the Gatling gun; his first
invention was a rice seed planter

The Peace Movement

North Carolina’s Peace Movement:
Led by William Holden
 Was accused of encouraging southern soldiers to
desert
 Selected 6 Confederate congressmen

Beginning of the End



Fort Fisher was captured in January 1865
General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9 at
Appomattox
On April 26, General Joseph E. Johnston
surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett
Place