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Transcript
North Carolina in the Civil War Chapter 15 Preparing for War The goal of the U.S. was to restore the Union; the Union wanted to abolish (end) slavery Emancipation Proclamation: a document of President Lincoln; freed all slaves in the Confederate states July 1, 1863 Union Advantages of the North Outnumbered the Confederates Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal factories, textile mills, and arsenals Had railroads Had a functioning government Confederates Advantages of the South War was fought in the South Fighting on familiar territory Had some military training Had strong military leaders Union Strategies Military Anaconda Plan: blockade all Confederate ports and seize the Mississippi River Union ships blockaded the southern coast to cut off supply routes between the South and Europe Political Stop European nations from recognizing the Confederacy Confederate Strategies Military Wear down the invading Union armies Ensure that the Union blockade didn’t work Used swift raiders, fast, lightly armed ships to capture Union merchant ships Political King Cotton Diplomacy: stop selling cotton abroad in hopes that the French and British would be forced to help the Confederates break blockades to get the cotton that they needed War on the Coast The North Carolina coast was the most vulnerable to Union attack. Forts Clark and Hatteras were set up on the Outer Banks to guard the inlets into the sounds. War on the Coast, con’t. By taking control of NC’s mainland, Union forces: 1) 2) Could attack the railroad, preventing supplies from reaching Lee’s army Would be able to stop attacks by Confederate naval forces Wartime Politics The Conscription Act of 1862 made men between the ages of 18 and 35 eligible to be drafted. The Election of 1862 During the elections of 1862, Zebulon Vance was elected governor of North Carolina. Zebulon Vance served as governor during most of the Civil War. Conflicts with the Confederacy During the war, N.C. and the Confederacy disagreed over: Conscription The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus The defense of the states The appointment of officers from other states for N.C. regiments The violation of rights of North Carolinians Blockade Running Wilmington, NC became the Confederacy’s largest blockade running port. In 1863, Governor Vance purchased a blockade running steamship named the Advance. War in the East In 1863, the Confederate Navy began building an ironclad ram named the Albemarle. The Albemarle was to be used to sink Union ships. In October 1864, the Albemarle sank. War in the Mountains Many people in the mountains of NC Harbored deserters and draft resisters Supported the Union during the war Helped Union prisoners escape from the Confederate prison at Salisbury The Home Front Effects of the war on people in the South: Shortage of food, salt, cloth (for clothing), shoes and medicines Women were left to tend children and farms Inflation (driving up prices) Richard Gatling: patented the Gatling gun; his first invention was a rice seed planter The Peace Movement North Carolina’s Peace Movement: Led by William Holden Was accused of encouraging southern soldiers to desert Selected 6 Confederate congressmen Beginning of the End Fort Fisher was captured in January 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9 at Appomattox On April 26, General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett Place
