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Unit 4-Lesson 2: The American Civil War
Name: ___KEY________
Chapter 8 Section 1
The Road to War
What was the message of Lincoln’s inaugural address?
The Union must be maintained as he has sworn in his oath to “preserve, protect, and defend
it.”
Fort Sumter—The Start of the War
Who?
Confederate Gen. P.G.T._Beauregard______ demanded that
Union Maj. _Anderson____ to surrender Ft. Sumter, but he refused.
When?
April 12, _1861_(4:30am)__
Where? Charleston Harbor, _SC_
Results? Ft. Sumter is surrendered on April 13.
_Confederacy_______ won the battle.
Civil War had officially _begun_____
AK, TN, NC, & VA _seceded_________ from the Union.
Raising Armies
Most soldiers were _men/volunteers_______.
Bounty Soldiers: received_cash___ awards for signing up; “bounty jumpers”
Conscripted Soldiers: men drafted to serve in army, a first for the nation
Draft riots in _New York City________
A Matter of Resources
North
South
22 million people
_4___million combat age
_9_____million people
.8 million combat age
( 3.5 - 4 million _slaves___)
North
100,000 factories, 1.1 million workers
22,000 mi. railroad track, sturdy
Railroad equipment (96% of nation’s)
more farms (67% of nation’s total)
banks (81%_of nation’s deposits)
4.6 million draft animals
established military, trained
experienced government
experienced military leaders
fought on_unfamiliar___ soil
South
_20,000___ factories, 100,000 workers
9,000 mi. railroad track, _unstable_
Railroad equipment (4% of nation’s)
fewer farms (_33%_of nation’s total)
banks (19% of nation’s deposits)
2.6 million draft animals
_no military________
_inexperienced_____ government
_few__experienced military leaders
defended their_own land/territory____
Wartime Strategies
Union:
Union Blockade: Union ships blocked Confederate_ports__ to stop exporting of cotton and
importing of_war equipment________(most hurtful to South’s economy)
(Ironclads outrun by Confederate blockade runners.)
Union Anaconda Plan: To capture_Mississippi River & split Confederacy in half, leaving Texas,
Arkansas, and Louisiana _stranded_
Union Plan to Capture Confederate Capital _Richmond__, VA
Union Generals’ Plan: to destroy Confederate armies and lay_waste__ to land
Confederate:
Confederate Land Strategy: to wear down invading Union army
Confederate Sea Strategy: to use _swift_raiders to foil Union blockade
Used ironclads & _submarines____
*Confederate King Cotton Diplomacy: Plan to stop sale of cotton to France and Great Britain,
in hopes that both nations would be forced to help and break the Union blockades. (Southern
strategy to win the war)