Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Impression formation wikipedia , lookup
Communication in small groups wikipedia , lookup
Social dilemma wikipedia , lookup
Social tuning wikipedia , lookup
Albert Bandura wikipedia , lookup
Solomon Asch wikipedia , lookup
Group dynamics wikipedia , lookup
False consensus effect wikipedia , lookup
I can • Explain the concept of social psychology Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Social Psychology In other words…. social psychology is about human behavior in groups. The branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions Social Context The combination of… (a) People (b) The activities and interactions among people (c) The setting in which behavior occurs, and (d) The expectations and social norms governing behavior in that setting How Does the Social Situation Affect Our Behavior? We usually adapt our behavior to the demands of the social situation…. and in ambiguous situations we take our cues from the behavior of others in that setting. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Situationism The view that people are more influenced by external, situational factors than by internal traits or motivations. Dispositionism The view that behavior is the result of internal factors, such as genes, traits, character qualities Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Social Role One of several socially defined patterns of behavior that are expected of persons in a given setting or group. Script The sequence of events and actions that is expected in a particular setting. Social Norms A group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its members’ attitudes and behavior Congress = Slave owner Taxpayers = niggar Social norms influence students’ political views The 2 Types of Norms 1. Mores: issues of morality are attached to this Norm 2. Folkways: fads; no real importance is placed on this Norm • • All norms can be split into the Do’s (Prescriptive) and Don’ts (Proscriptive) of society All norms will fall into 1 of the following categories • • • • Prescriptive More Prescriptive Folkway Proscriptive More Proscriptive Folkway Complete the “Norm Curve” Add 10 norms of your culture to the curve. Pre-scriptive Pro-scriptive Mores at the ends Folkways at the curve I CAN • Summarize: The Asch Effect, The Milgrim Experiment, the Stanford Prison Experiment, The Lucifer Effect • Apply groupthink to situations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Conformity The tendency for people to adopt the behaviors and attitudes of others in a group. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Asch Effect Tendency for people to conform, even if they are aware they are incorrect. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Conformity: The Asch Studies Which line matches the line on the left? A Standard line 1 2 3 Comparison lines Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Conformity: The Asch Studies What would you say if you were in a room full of people who all picked line number three? A Standard line 1 2 3 Comparison lines Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Conformity Correct estimated (percent) No opposition (control) 100 With partner 80 60 Alone against majority 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Critical trials 8 9 10 11 12 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Heroic Defiance Those who are able to resist the group conformity in the Asch Experiment Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Group Characteristics That Produce Conformity Ashe identified three factors that influence whether a person will yield to pressure: • The size of the majority • The presence of a partner who dissented from the majority • The size of the discrepancy (between the correct answer and the majority position) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Groupthink In “groupthink,” members of the group attempt to conform their opinions to what each believes to be the consensus of the group. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Conditions Likely to Promote Groupthink • • • • • Isolation of the group High group cohesiveness Dictating leadership Lack of norms requiring methodical procedures Homogeneity of members’ social background and ideology • High stress from external threats with low hope of a better solution than that of the group leader Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What is Bad About Groupthink The group agrees without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. Individual creativity, uniqueness, and independent thinking are lost. This has led to things as the Challenger Disaster and Pearl Harbor Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007