Download Endocrine System - Practicum-Health-II-2011-2012

HST I 2009 - 2010
1
CONFIDENTIAL
Structure and Function
• Primary function of the endocrine
system
– To produce hormones that monitor and
coordinate body activities
• Endocrine glands secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream
• Two classes of hormones:
– Nonsteroid
– Steroid
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Structure and Function
(Continued)
• Three categories of hormones:
– Tropic hormones
• Target other endocrine structures to
increase growth and secretions
– Sex hormones
• Influence reproductive changes
– Anabolic hormones
• Stimulate the process of building tissues
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Figure 18-1 The Endocrine
System
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Glands and Their
Hormones
• Hypothalamus
– Structure located above the pituitary gland
– Translates nervous system impulses into
endocrine system messages
• Pituitary gland (master gland)
– Produces the hormones that regulate the
secretion of other glands
• Pineal body
– Produces the hormone melatonin
– Pea-shaped located in the brain
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Glands and Their
Hormones (Continued)
• Thymus
– Produces the hormone thymosin that
stimulates the lymphoid organs to produce
T-lymphocytes or antibodies in newborns
and young children
• Thyroid
– Produces hormones that regulate body
metabolism
– Butterfly shaped
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Glands and Their Hormones
(Continued)
• Parathyroid
– Four tiny glands attached in the back of
thyroid gland
– Secretes parathyroid hormone, which affects
the amount of calcium in the blood
• Pancreas
– Produces the hormones insulin and glucagon
• Insulin regulates transportation of sugar, fatty acids,
and amino acids into the cells.
• Adrenal glands
– Produce about 30 hormones
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Glands and Their
Hormones (Continued)
• Gonads
– The primary sex glands
• Female: ovaries produce estrogen and
progesterone
• Male: testes produce hormone testosterone
• Prostaglandins
– Known to decrease blood pressure, cause
fever, increase hydrochloric acid secretion
in the stomach, increase uterine
contraction during pregnancy, and
influence intestinal peristalsis
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Hormonal Changes of
Puberty
• Adrenal gland secretes the hormones
that begin the development of
secondary sexual characteristics
• In a man, the voice deepens and
facial hair begins to grow
• In a woman, the breasts enlarge and
fatty tissue is deposited around the
hips
• In both men and women height and
weight increase
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Hormonal Changes of
Pregnancy
• The placenta, or interfacing organ between
the fetal and maternal circulation, produces a
hormone called human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG)
• Increased estrogen and progesterone from
the ovaries are maintained until the placenta
begins to produce these hormones
• Progesterone increases the mobility of the
pelvic and lower back bones to allow the
birthing process
• The pituitary and thyroid glands increase in
size, resulting in a higher
metabolic rate
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Disorders of the Endocrine
System
• Acromegaly
– An enlargement of the bones of the hands,
feet, and jaws
• Addison's disease
– Caused by hyposecretion of the hormones
produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland
• Cretinism
– Condition resulting from a congenital
deficiency of thyroid secretion or
hypothyroidism
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Disorders of the Endocrine
System (Continued)
• Cushing’s syndrome
– Disorder that causes hyperactivity of the
adrenal glands, which is triggered by the
oversecretion of the pituitary hormone
ACTH
• Diabetes insipidus
– From an acquired or inherited decrease in
the antidiuretic hormone secreted by the
pituitary
• Diabetes mellitus
– A disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein
metabolism resulting from insufficient
insulin production by the pancreas
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Table 18-2 Signs and
Symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus
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Disorders of the Endocrine
System (Continued)
• Dwarfism
– Results from hyposecretion of the growth
hormone of the pituitary gland, which has
been caused by a tumor, infection, genetic
factors, or trauma
• Gigantism
– An excessive growth of the long bones
caused by hypersecretion of the
somatotropic hormone
• Graves’ disease
– Caused by hyperthyroidism or
thyrotoxicosis 14
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Disorders of the Endocrine
System (Continued)
• Hyperparathyroidism
– Causes hypercalcemia, an increased
calcium blood level
• Hypoglycemia
– Results from increased insulin production
by the pancreas
• Hypoparathyroidism
– A decreased secretion of parathyroid
hormone that causes tetany
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Disorders of the Endocrine
System (Continued)
• Hypothyroidism
– Also called Hashimoto's disease, results
from an insufficient production of thyroxine
• Goiter
- an enlargement of the thyroid gland
• Virilism
– Results from increased secretion in the
adrenal glands
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Issues and Innovations
• Steroid abuse
– Causes problems for men such as stunted
growth, liver tumors, and decreased sperm
production
– Causes problems for women such as loss
of menstrual cycle and baldness
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Careers
• Endocrinologist
• Nuclear Medicine Technologist
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Medical Terms
Root word: aden(o) – denoting
the glands
• Adenitis
inflammation
• Adenoblast
immature or
embryonic cell
• Adenoid
like, resembling
• Adenoma
tumor, swelling
• Adenodynia
pain, ache
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Medical Terms
Root word: adren(o) – denoting
the adrenal glands
•
•
•
•
•
Adrenomegaly
enlargement
Adrenopathy
disease
Adrenalectomy
excision,removal
Adrenotoxin
poison
Adrenokinetic
movement,stimulation
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Medical Terms
Root word: thyr(o) – denoting
relationship to the thyroid glands
•
•
•
•
Thyrocele
tumor, swelling
Thyropenia
decrease, deficiency
Thyroiditis
inflammation
Thyro toxic osis poison condition,
disease
• Hypo thyroid ism less, deficient state
or condition
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Assignment: Xtranormal
For this unit we will be making our own
cartoon movie that discusses
information about one of the disease
processes covered in the power point.
• Students will be able to choose which
disease or condition they would like
depicted in their Xtranormal. This
will be a paired project and will be
due on Monday April 19, 2010.
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Instructions
• Find two websites to obtain information
regarding the disease process, which you
will use to write your script.
• Be sure to include the following
information:
- Definition of disease
- Population it affects (Who are most likely
to get this disease?)
- How the disease is diagnosed
- Treatment options
- Complications from disease
- Signs and Symptoms of the disease
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• Write out script. Make it something
creative and entertaining but also
educational.
• Once your script has been approved,
go to www.Xtranormal.com or
www.goanimate.com and sign up for
a free account.
• Make sure your movie meets the
following specifications.
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Criteria
• Movie must be at least 2 minutes long 25
points
• Must include info stated previously for
script. 50 points
• Must be grammatically correct. 10 points
• Must be creative, do not want repetition of
info, make a story. 15 points (Total 100)
• Must be completed and ready for viewing at
the beginning of class on Monday April 18,
2010.
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