Download THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Its Parts and Functions
Gland & Hormone Chart
Gland
Hormone
Destination
Oxytocin
Skip 3-4 lines
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
Posterior
Anterior
3. Thyroid
4. Parathyroid
5. Adrenal
Medulla
Cortex
6. Gonads
Testes
Ovaries
7. Pineal
8. Thymus
9. Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
Action
Nervous System - body control
NERVE IMPULSES
Endocrine System - body regulator
HORMONES
What is a GLAND?
It is an organ that develops a
secretion which performs
specific functions.
The Endocrine System
Is made up of ductless glands.
“Ductless” means without tubes
HORMONES
- Comes from the Greek word which
means “to arouse”
- Are chemical messengers formed from
substances taken from the blood.
- They circulate throughout the body &
exert specific effects on tissues, organs
or other glands located some distance
away from the cells that secrete them.
Our body needs a certain hormone at one
time , but not at all times.
(ex. Fireman’s adrenaline rush)
Your endocrine glands does not release
hormones continuously. There are
signals within the body that tell each
gland to secrete hormones. There are
also some signals that tell the gland to
stop.
PINEAL
POSTERIOR
PITUITARY
ANTERIOR
PITUITARY
THYROID
THYMUS
ADRENALS
PANCREAS
OVARIES
TESTIS (es)
Pituitary Gland
LOCATION:
found at the base of the brain
DESCRIPTION:
called the “master gland” because it
controls most of the other endocrine
glands.
The pituitary gland has two lobes:
The Anterior and Posterior
Hormones Secreted by the Posterior Pituitary
HORMONE
1. Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
2. Oxytocin
TARGET TISSUES
Destination
FUNCTION
Action
Kidney
Increases water
reabsorption
-Uterus
-Mammary Gland
-Stimulates labor
-Initiates milk ejection
Hormones Released by the Anterior Pituitary
HORMONE
• 12 1.year
old boy
Growth Hormone
Acromegaly
TARGET TISSUES
FUNCTION
Most tissues
Stimulates body growth
••
••
(GH)
Measure
6-5
Occurs
inStimulating
adults
2. ThyroidThyroid Gland
Hormone (TSH)
Oversecreation
of
Bones
of
hands
3. Adrenocorticotropic
Adernal Cortex
growth
hormone
Hormone
(ACTH)
face 4.and
feet
are
Luteinizing
Ovaries/Testis
• enlarged
Occurs
during
Hormone
(LH)
Follicles in ovary
childhood
5. Follicle-Stimulating
• Do to
the releaseSeminiferous Tubules in Testis
Hormone (FSH)
of growth
Ovary & Mammary Gland
6. Prolactinhormone.
(PRL)
in females, testis in males
Stimulates release of
T3 and T4
Stimulates secretion of
hormones from cortex
FEMALE -Promotes ovulation
& hormone production
MALE – Sperm production
FEMALE – egg production
MALE - sperm production
Promotes lactation
(low levels in males; high
levels affect testosteron levels)
Thyroid Gland
LOCATION: at the base of the
neck (just below the larynx
DESCRIPTION: soft, brownishred organ shaped like a
butterfly.
Hormone
Destination
Action
T3
Most tissues
Embryonic
development;
body
temperature,
growth, heartrate
Most tissues
Increases
metabolism,
blood pressure;
regulates tissue
growth
Primarily bone
Childhood
regulation of
blood calcium
levels through
uptake by bone
Triiodothyronine
T4
Thyroxine
Calcitonin
Goiter
• Not enough iodine in
the diet (iodine
defiance)
• Causes swelling of
the thyroid gland
Goiter
Parathyroid Gland
LOCATION: attached to the back
of the thyroid gland
DESCRIPTION: 2 pairs of peasized glands
Parathyroid
Hormone
Destination
Parathyroid Bone &
Hormone
kidney
(Parathormone)
Action
Increases blood
calcium levls
through action
on bone,
kidneys and
intestine
Adrenal Glands
LOCATION:
found above the kidneys
DESCRIPTION:
cone-shaped glands
Hormome
Destination
Action
MEDULLA
Skeletal
(aka: adrenaline, muscle
Heart
the “emergency
Blood vessels
hormone”)
Bronchioles
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Short-term stress
response; increased
BSL,
vasoconstriction,
increases heart rate,
blood diversion
Hormome
Destination
Action
CORTEX
Glucocorticoids
(Cortisol)
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Blood vessels
Mineralocorticoids
Kidneys
Long-term stress
response;
increased BSL,
immune
suppression
Testes
LOCATION:
near the penis
DESCRIPTION:
pair of glands that functions to
produce sperm cells.
TESTES
Hormome
Destination
Action
Testosterone
Many male
tissues & organs
Secondary
Sexual
characteristics
•
•
•
•
Testes
Body/Facial hair
Muscle mass
Voice
Etc…
Sperm
production
Ovaries
LOCATION:
located on one side of the uterus
DESCRIPTION:
pair of glands that functions to
produce egg cells/ova.
OVARIES
Hormome
Destination
Action
Estrogen
Many female
tissues & organ
1. Secondary
Sexual
characteristics:
• Breasts
• Widened hips
• Armpit/pubic
hair
2. Menstrual
cycle
Progesterone
Uterus
Menstrual cycle
& pregnancy
Pineal Glands
LOCATION:
found near the base of the brain
DESCRIPTION:
outgrowth of the brain
HORMONE
DESTINATION
Melatonin
Brain
ACTION
Regulates
(hypothalamus) the
and many
“biological
tissues /
clock”,
organs
day/night
cycle
Thymus Glands
LOCATION:
located in the upper part of the chest,
below the neck
DESCRIPTION:
consists of 2 lobes
Hormone
Destination
Action
Thymosin
Immune
tissues
Promotes
immune system
development &
function;
Development of
T lymphocytes
Pancreas
LOCATION: lies behind the
stomach
DESCRIPTION: elongated &
tapers at one end
Hormone
Destination
Action
Insulin
Liver,
skeletal
muscle,
adipose
tissue
Liver
Lowers
blood sugar
level
glucagon
Raises
blood sugar
level
Diabetes
• Undersecretion of
insulin.
• High blood sugar
•
Summary
• Some endocrine glands perform only
hormonal functions. Others are mixed
glands. They produce hormones and
perform other functions as well.
• Each part of the endocrine system
produces different hormones that affect
other parts of the body.
Quiz
Write TRUE if the statement is true . If the statement is
FALSE, change the underlined word or phrase to make it
true.
______1. The parts of the endocrine system are not connected to
one another.
______2. Endocrine glands are ductless glands.
______3. The endocrine system controls the body through nerve
impulses.
______4. Oversecretion of the growth hormone causes dwarfism.
______5. Insulin lowers the amount of calcium in the blood.
______6. When blood sugar level is low, glucagon
raises it.
______7. The testes produces estrogen.
______8. The hormone that stimulates the body for fight
or flight is thymosin.
______9. The body’s biological clock is stimulated by
melatonin produced by the pineal gland.
______10. The menstrual cycle in females is stimulated
by testosterone and progesterone.
ASSIGNMENT
Research for pictures of people who
have DISORDERS of Endocrine
System. Name the disorder and paste it
on your notebook.