* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Survey
Document related concepts
Neuroendocrine tumor wikipedia , lookup
Xenoestrogen wikipedia , lookup
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy wikipedia , lookup
History of catecholamine research wikipedia , lookup
Menstrual cycle wikipedia , lookup
Breast development wikipedia , lookup
Cryptorchidism wikipedia , lookup
Mammary gland wikipedia , lookup
Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female) wikipedia , lookup
Hyperthyroidism wikipedia , lookup
Endocrine disruptor wikipedia , lookup
Hyperandrogenism wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Its Parts and Functions Gland & Hormone Chart Gland Hormone Destination Oxytocin Skip 3-4 lines 1. Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary Posterior Anterior 3. Thyroid 4. Parathyroid 5. Adrenal Medulla Cortex 6. Gonads Testes Ovaries 7. Pineal 8. Thymus 9. Pancreas Insulin Glucagon Action Nervous System - body control NERVE IMPULSES Endocrine System - body regulator HORMONES What is a GLAND? It is an organ that develops a secretion which performs specific functions. The Endocrine System Is made up of ductless glands. “Ductless” means without tubes HORMONES - Comes from the Greek word which means “to arouse” - Are chemical messengers formed from substances taken from the blood. - They circulate throughout the body & exert specific effects on tissues, organs or other glands located some distance away from the cells that secrete them. Our body needs a certain hormone at one time , but not at all times. (ex. Fireman’s adrenaline rush) Your endocrine glands does not release hormones continuously. There are signals within the body that tell each gland to secrete hormones. There are also some signals that tell the gland to stop. PINEAL POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTERIOR PITUITARY THYROID THYMUS ADRENALS PANCREAS OVARIES TESTIS (es) Pituitary Gland LOCATION: found at the base of the brain DESCRIPTION: called the “master gland” because it controls most of the other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland has two lobes: The Anterior and Posterior Hormones Secreted by the Posterior Pituitary HORMONE 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Oxytocin TARGET TISSUES Destination FUNCTION Action Kidney Increases water reabsorption -Uterus -Mammary Gland -Stimulates labor -Initiates milk ejection Hormones Released by the Anterior Pituitary HORMONE • 12 1.year old boy Growth Hormone Acromegaly TARGET TISSUES FUNCTION Most tissues Stimulates body growth •• •• (GH) Measure 6-5 Occurs inStimulating adults 2. ThyroidThyroid Gland Hormone (TSH) Oversecreation of Bones of hands 3. Adrenocorticotropic Adernal Cortex growth hormone Hormone (ACTH) face 4.and feet are Luteinizing Ovaries/Testis • enlarged Occurs during Hormone (LH) Follicles in ovary childhood 5. Follicle-Stimulating • Do to the releaseSeminiferous Tubules in Testis Hormone (FSH) of growth Ovary & Mammary Gland 6. Prolactinhormone. (PRL) in females, testis in males Stimulates release of T3 and T4 Stimulates secretion of hormones from cortex FEMALE -Promotes ovulation & hormone production MALE – Sperm production FEMALE – egg production MALE - sperm production Promotes lactation (low levels in males; high levels affect testosteron levels) Thyroid Gland LOCATION: at the base of the neck (just below the larynx DESCRIPTION: soft, brownishred organ shaped like a butterfly. Hormone Destination Action T3 Most tissues Embryonic development; body temperature, growth, heartrate Most tissues Increases metabolism, blood pressure; regulates tissue growth Primarily bone Childhood regulation of blood calcium levels through uptake by bone Triiodothyronine T4 Thyroxine Calcitonin Goiter • Not enough iodine in the diet (iodine defiance) • Causes swelling of the thyroid gland Goiter Parathyroid Gland LOCATION: attached to the back of the thyroid gland DESCRIPTION: 2 pairs of peasized glands Parathyroid Hormone Destination Parathyroid Bone & Hormone kidney (Parathormone) Action Increases blood calcium levls through action on bone, kidneys and intestine Adrenal Glands LOCATION: found above the kidneys DESCRIPTION: cone-shaped glands Hormome Destination Action MEDULLA Skeletal (aka: adrenaline, muscle Heart the “emergency Blood vessels hormone”) Bronchioles Epinephrine Norepinephrine Short-term stress response; increased BSL, vasoconstriction, increases heart rate, blood diversion Hormome Destination Action CORTEX Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) Skeletal muscle Heart Blood vessels Mineralocorticoids Kidneys Long-term stress response; increased BSL, immune suppression Testes LOCATION: near the penis DESCRIPTION: pair of glands that functions to produce sperm cells. TESTES Hormome Destination Action Testosterone Many male tissues & organs Secondary Sexual characteristics • • • • Testes Body/Facial hair Muscle mass Voice Etc… Sperm production Ovaries LOCATION: located on one side of the uterus DESCRIPTION: pair of glands that functions to produce egg cells/ova. OVARIES Hormome Destination Action Estrogen Many female tissues & organ 1. Secondary Sexual characteristics: • Breasts • Widened hips • Armpit/pubic hair 2. Menstrual cycle Progesterone Uterus Menstrual cycle & pregnancy Pineal Glands LOCATION: found near the base of the brain DESCRIPTION: outgrowth of the brain HORMONE DESTINATION Melatonin Brain ACTION Regulates (hypothalamus) the and many “biological tissues / clock”, organs day/night cycle Thymus Glands LOCATION: located in the upper part of the chest, below the neck DESCRIPTION: consists of 2 lobes Hormone Destination Action Thymosin Immune tissues Promotes immune system development & function; Development of T lymphocytes Pancreas LOCATION: lies behind the stomach DESCRIPTION: elongated & tapers at one end Hormone Destination Action Insulin Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue Liver Lowers blood sugar level glucagon Raises blood sugar level Diabetes • Undersecretion of insulin. • High blood sugar • Summary • Some endocrine glands perform only hormonal functions. Others are mixed glands. They produce hormones and perform other functions as well. • Each part of the endocrine system produces different hormones that affect other parts of the body. Quiz Write TRUE if the statement is true . If the statement is FALSE, change the underlined word or phrase to make it true. ______1. The parts of the endocrine system are not connected to one another. ______2. Endocrine glands are ductless glands. ______3. The endocrine system controls the body through nerve impulses. ______4. Oversecretion of the growth hormone causes dwarfism. ______5. Insulin lowers the amount of calcium in the blood. ______6. When blood sugar level is low, glucagon raises it. ______7. The testes produces estrogen. ______8. The hormone that stimulates the body for fight or flight is thymosin. ______9. The body’s biological clock is stimulated by melatonin produced by the pineal gland. ______10. The menstrual cycle in females is stimulated by testosterone and progesterone. ASSIGNMENT Research for pictures of people who have DISORDERS of Endocrine System. Name the disorder and paste it on your notebook.