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Plants cont. Vascular Tissue Vascular Tissue Cells • Series of tubes that transport fluids throughout the plant • 2 types of vascular tissue: xylem and phloem. Vascular Tissue Cells • Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves • Phloem carries sugar produced in the leaves to all parts of the plant • Xylem and phloem together are called vascular bundles Xylem Tissue • Moves water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the leaves • Thick walled tubes (provide support) – Cylindrical cells fuse – Cytoplasm breaks down & Cells die – Non living cell walls become thin tubes Phloem Tissue • Transports sucrose and other dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant – Formed from sieve tube cells making a continuous duct – Alive! But do not have nucleus – Connected to small nucleated companion cells that direct their activities Phloem Tissue Phloem Tissue Xylem and Phloem animation The rest of the plant Beyond the leaf Epidermis (Dermal Tissue) • Outer layer of all surfaces • One cell layer thick • Not in woody plants in woody plants this is replaced by bark on the stem Link Use of sugar traveling in the phloem • Provides energy for cellular processes – Protein manufacturing – Stored as starch in the roots (Carrots, and sweet potatoes) stems (ginger, potatoes) leaves (green onions, rhubarb) – Making cellulose • • • • Forms the cell wall Fibrous structures Provide strength and support Can be associated with the lignin in the formation of wood