Download Cloning 6.9 Plants 7.3

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Cloning
6.9 (194)
Reproduction in Flowering Plants (7.3) 208
BLM 7.3a & b
Cloning
Cloning is the process of forming identical
genetic offspring from a single cell.
It is a natural process that happens daily in
nature when organisms produce exact
duplicates of themselves by asexual
reproduction (binary fission, budding…).
Cloning is referred to as asexual
reproduction because the DNA originates
from a single parent.
The First Clone
Cloning started in 1958 when Frederic
Stewart grew a carrot from root cells.
Clones are not actually identical in
appearance; rather they are identical in
genetics.
Remember: A clone has the genes of only
1 parent so it is genetically identical to
that parent. (We have ½ our genes from
one parent and ½ from the other.
Dolly
In 1996, Dolly the sheep, a species much more
complex than simple plants or bacteria, was
cloned. She was the first fertile clone!
This is the most famous cloning case to date.
 Genetic information from a FINN DORSET
sheep.
 Enucleated ovum from a POLL DORSET sheep.
 Surrogate mother  Blackface sheep.
 Offspring  Clone of the FINN DORSET.
Dolly showed signs of premature aging, possibly
due to using specialized somatic cell nucleus.
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Genetic information
from a FINN
DORSET sheep.
Enucleated ovum
from a POLL
DORSET sheep.
Surrogate mother 
Blackface sheep.
Offspring  Clone
of the FINN
DORSET.
ACT – Advanced Cell Technology
ACT is a cell cloning company. It claims to
have taken the first step in cloning a
human embryo – an unborn baby in the
first 8 weeks of development.
The ACT clone didn’t grow beyond the tip
of a ballpoint pen, only 6 cells
What does the future hold?
Other Clones
Dolly the Sheep (1996)
Tetra the Rhesus monkey (2000)
Xena the Pig (2000)
Alpha and Beta Male Cattle (2001)
CC the Cat (2001)
Idaho Gem & Utah Pioneer the Mules (03)
Dewey the Deer (2003)
Prometea the Horse (2003)
Types of Cloning
Recombinant DNA Cloning: Cloning a
gene of particular interest.
2. Reproductive Cloning: Cloning that
develops into a birth. (Stem cell)
3. Therapeutic cloning: Cloning with the
goal of studying human development to
treat disease.
Is cloning a human being, part or whole,
ethical or unethical?
1.
Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Plants use sexual reproduction – two plants
combine to make one zygote through the
process of fertilization of a female sex
cell by a male sex cell.
Some plants have separate sexes with one
type of sex organ on each (poplar trees),
while some plants have both sexes on one
plant – hermaphrodites (tomatoes).
Most plants develop or mature in one
growing season.
Plant Sex Organs
Plant sex organs are very different than humans.
Male Sex Organs:
 Pollen – male sex cells
 Stamen - anther, where pollen is produced.
- Filament, holds anther away from plant.
Female Sex Organs:
 Eggs – female sex cells
 Pistil – Sticky surface for the pollen to land on.
Style – traveling chamber from stigma and ovary.
Ovary – holds the egg.
Plant sex organs vary in length, size, colour, and shape
from plant to plant.
Anatomy of a Flowering Plant 7.3a
Stigma
Anther
Pollen
Filament
Style
Petal
Ovary
Eggs
Sepal
Stem
Pollination
The process by which pollen moves from
an anther to the stigma so pollen can
fertilize the egg.
 Can occur between plants or in the same
plant.
 Wind, gravity, insects, animals, and
water can carry pollen.
It is beneficial for pollen to be spread
over large areas for greater genetic
disbursement.

Fertilization
The combining of pollen and eggs to
produce a zygote.
In plants , the zygote is better known
as seeds.
In some plants the ovary enlarges into
fruit, therefore we are actually eating
ovaries.
Fruit is used for protection and
disbursement ex. A bear eats berries
and leaves seeds through its droppings.
Practice and Review
Meiosis and Reproduction in Flowering Plants
P. 206-209
Reproduction Unit Exam Study Questions
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Tomorrow: go over Review Questions
Next day: Reproduction Unit Test